8 Higher Thinking Skills through IT-Based Projects Essay

There are four types of IT Based projects which can be used in order to engage students in a higher plane of thinking. The resource-based project relates to finding information to make students go beyond the textbook material. Simple creations make students create their software material to support the need for relevant and effective materials. Guided hypermedia Projects produce self-made multimedia projects help students to create and post webpages on a given topic. These types of IT based projects could help students develop their skills and knowledge not just in learning not just in learning from textbooks but from the computer as well. Using IT-Based projects could help me a lot in my studies. I was able to develop my skills, and I know that I could improve my academic performance by the help of this subject. With the use of IT-Based projects and having enough knowledge with the use of computer, it was shown that students improved in the sense that the students would learn more than what is expected. They don’t just rely on the academic materials, but by using IT-Based Projects. The students would not just develop higher level of thinking but they could also develop their skills that could help them to be productive. Being a future educator, having this higher thinking skill through IT-Based project is advantageous for the reason that it could help the students in learning easily. The teacher wouldn’t find it hard also to engage them in a higher plane of thinking. I can say that I could make use of what I’ve learned from this topic. Because I know me and my future students could benefit from it. Web based project management software is the collection of programs, processes and information that is used to manage various phases of a project and that is accessible on the Internet. Project management entails processes such as scheduling, calculating a critical path, building timelines, creating task lists, managing resources, controlling documents and providing audit trails. Each of these processes can be controlled and sometimes automated through project management software solutions. Web based solutions are coded in a browser supported language such as HTML, ASP or PHP so they can be accessed by clients through a web browser. One main software version is installed and maintained on a server so that more than one client can access this version. One disadvantage to using Web-based software is that the program is usually slower to respond than a typical desktop or client application; Web-based applications are limited by the speed of one’s Internet connection, while client applications operate as quickly as the client’s processor speed. (If you can think of a better way to phrase this, by all means go ahead.) In addition, most information in Web-based applications is not accessible when a user is offline.

Effects on Children in Single Parent Household Essay

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that about 30 percent of American families are headed by only one parent. Single parent households numbered over 12 million in the year of 2000. According to this, single parent families can no longer be viewed as nontraditional families. These families are all around us today. So, interest has grown as to the effect of these households on Children’s well-being. The most important effect of single parent household on children is in academic achievement. According to the research named Single parenting and children’s academic achievement from Kunz (2010), most single parent households are run by mothers. Therefore, children who lack fathers’ attention can’t have a happy learning environment. They usually perform poorly in school because the lack of guidance on their homework. From this research, we can conclude that for every 100 dollars of child support mothers receive, their children’s standardized test scores increa se by 1/8 to 7/10 of a point. In addition, children with single mothers who have contact and emotional support from their fathers tend to do better in school than children who have no contact with their fathers. We can make a conclusion from this research that because children live in single parent household, they can hardly do well in academic achievement. Emotional effects also play an important role in the life of children growing up in a single parent household. According to the article named Children in single parent homes and emotional problems by Erica Williams (2003), living in single parent household can have many emotional effects on children, including feelings of abandonment, sadness, loneliness and difficulty socializing and connecting with others. Nowadays, because living in single parent household, more and more children become autistic. They can’t develop interpersonal relationship with normal people, which avoid them from surviving in the society independently. Besides, since they are given little attention, there are also other emotional effects on them, including low self-esteem, increased anger, frustration and an increased risk for violent behavior. Further, they are more likely to commit a crime because they want to attract people’s attention. This can not only ruin their lives but also break their parents’ hearts. Although there are so many negative effects on children in single parent households, it can have positive effects on them as well. According to a study at Cornell  University, positive single parenting did not show any negative impact on the social and educational development of the 12 and 13 years old participating in the study. In addition, children in single parent families may exhibit strong responsibility skills, as they are often called upon to help out more with family chores and tasks. Therefore, if children in single parent households are taught and educated by the single parent in an appropriate way, they can become people who are more strong and independent than the normal children in normal families. Because they lack love, they learn how to survive in this complex society and live a happy life and become stronger and stronger. To help the children in single parent households, our whole society is supposed to pay more attention on them. If we can give more care and patience to them, they will become strong but not evil. They are the most innocent part of their families, and they are supposed to be treated as the normal children in normal families. Please give your love and care to them. References Kunz, M. (2010). Single parenting and children’s academic achievement. Retrieved from http://library.adoption.com/articles/single-parenting-and-childrens-academic-achievement.html Williams, E. (2003). Children in single parent homes and emotional problems. Retrieved from http://www.thehilltoponline.com/2.4839/children-in-single-parent-homes-and-emotional-problems-1.472758#.UjSszMZ9dyc

Academic Writing

The genre that will be discussed in this essay is the book review. Although book reviews may not seem as important as other genres of academic writing, it is actually often in college assignments and appears a lot in professional writing as well (Magazines, Newspapers). Book reviews are a very evaluative genre and requires one to effectively ask oneself questions about the subject of matter. Compared to other genres, a book review asks for ones viewpoint and opinion, requires an evaluative summary of the book and its characters and uses a thorough yet easy to follow analysis for the audience.For this subject, I have interviewed Tina Nigerian, a student at Rice university, about book reviews. When asked about why book reviews are considered as a genre of academic writing, Nigerian expressed how important it was, saying, The writer of the book review is synthesizing vast amounts of information to make a point, or points (Nigerian). The writer gains knowledge through writing book reviews by learning how to ideally and effectively express and persuade their viewpoint. Although book reviews may be mistaken as similar to book reports, it is actually not identical.Book ports focus mainly on discussing the plot, characters and main ideas of the work, while book reviews give a sneak peek about the book and criticism on whether they enjoyed it or not (Welcome). Book reviews contain brief descriptions of key points and explanations about the strengths and weaknesses of the work. Nigerian warns writers about writing book reviews. Trust your judgment, use evidence, and write elegantly, but not snobbishly, she said (Nigerian). As a writer, it is important to write fair and include reasoning. Writing arrogantly as to critique another work demeans your character and intellect. Although it is important to state your own opinion and viewpoint in book reviews, you must also include facts and credible resources. Nigerian stressed that the most important thing to include in your book review is quotes, because they serve as evidence. Without them, you dont sound that credible (Nigerian). The last thing you want as a writer is for your audience to lose their trust in you. You write not only for the benefit of expressing yourself but also for the benefit of the audience.The audience wants the most cohesive yet trustworthy and evaluative book review to read. The processes of writing a book review is also vital, and even before that, you must prep information in order to write it. Before you began reading for your book review, you must ask yourself questions about the author, title, genre, cover, introduction, and table of contents. Not only put into mind the key points of the book, but also to the little details about your book. Who is this author, has he/she won any awards, are good questions to ask in providing background information about the author (Welcome).Note that book reviews are usually 500-700 words, and you should thoroughly investigate your book in order for your audience to understand and familiarize with it better (Welcome). The cover is also as important; be sure to utilize whether the cover of the book has caught your attention or provide you with any little details before reading the book. Although people shouldnt judge a book by its cover, in reality, most do. A cover is a mini-review of the book, so it is important to list it and make good observations. As for the table Of contents, how is the book arranged?By sections Or chapters? You never know if your audience may have questions like these, and thus further proves hat the ability to ask yourself questions is essential. Now time to discuss what you need to do as you read the book. While reading the book, make sure to mentally discuss the characters, themes, argument, key ideas, and quotes. Do you empathic with the characters? Did the author cover the subject/purpose/argument adequately? Dont feel obligated to answer each question as some questions may be more important than the other.This process will help provide you critical thinking before you actually begin writing. Its important in developing an argument about the work and also to help you write an organized and well-supported draft. Take notes; its similar to brainstorming. This will help you just in case you get writers block when writing your review. Once you are ready to write, the first thing to do when beginning a book review is to establish the background and remember your audience (Welcome). You must always keep in mind that your audience havent read the book yet, and thus doesnt have as much knowledge as you do about the book.Also dont include too much about the book. A good rule to follow is to limit your self only to a few chapters, and if its nonfiction, provide a basis of the authors argument. In a book review by Nanette Carnelians, a student at he University of Nebraska at Omaha, she explains why the purpose of her book was well-written and also a few minor mistakes that she has caught up. Here is an excerpt below: Aviation History delivers an entertaining account and perspective on international aviation history.This book is an excellent resource to students, educators, and aviation enthusiasts. In reviewing this book, the principal criteria included content, organization, and reference sources. While editing errors and organizational incongruities plague some of the latter chapters, many of the shortcomings of this first edition will likely be alleviated by later editions (Carnelians). Looking at her excerpt, you can see that at the beginning of her book review, she has provided a thorough, yet short explanation of her book.Upon her thesis, she has stated her position that although the book has errors and mistakes, it is a remarkable book that can be used by teachers, students and other organizations. Carnelians book review is a good sample to look at because she states her opinion with facts smoothly, making her review credible. She also makes sure to keep her audience at hand, by stating to whom the book will most likely be read by. After establishing the background, organize your review by leaving plenty of space to analyze, not just to inform.The purpose of your review is to make an argument, a point about whether or knotty liked the book. Remember commentary over summary (College). Choose a few points about the book to talk about and organize it by that. You can organize your paragraphs by themes, motives, other ides of the book. At the end of your book review, its useful to include the publisher and price for the audience (Welcome). In conclusion, book reviews are an essential and important part of academic writing. It is not only useful to the audience but also to your self.As quoted by Nigerian, They help make meaning of what people read or will read. They add to discussion within literature, which is vital. Merely reading books isnt enough. Thinking and writing about them is important (Nigerian). Book reviews challenges your skill to ask important and useful questions. The experience of writing book reviews will expand and enhance your insight on books and also take note of your audience. It gives you so many factors into consideration when writing a book review, therefore is a challenging experience in your education.

Country of the Bad Wolfes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country of the Bad Wolfes - Essay Example Samuel accidentally kills a guard, and then signs up under an alias for the Army to avoid prosecution, while John moves to graduate in law from Dartmouth. The family follows its destiny to Mexico where they meet Edward Little, a mysterious American businessman who later gets connected to Porfirio Diaz who ruled the country for over thirty years before being ousted through the 1910 Revolution. Through this troubled period of time in America and Mexico, Diaz increases in power with the Wolfes growing richer and richer, forging forward their violent history and breeding a fearsome legacy. There are aspects of this novel that could be figured out as a dream even though there could be some reality in them. Blake is known to be â€Å"a master at weaving historical fact into fiction† according to Leonard and indeed uses rogue heroes, angels, demons and duels to communicate to his audience. According to Bertens, psychoanalysis would view novels as a dream though they would have some truth to communicate (133). In fact, Theisson argues that â€Å"fiction often gets the messages across when dry journalism fails.† There could be need for deeper interpretation before the truth could be grasped when the author uses fiction in introducing the mysterious Edward Little and also in the whole novel where blood is a serious factor that persists even across geography and generations helps the author pass across the significance of blood connection in this novel. The men in this novel have been used to portray the existent sexual tension in the society as they consider women to be objects of satisfaction and that they can have as many as they so wish. The set of twins, Samuel and John get involved in duels and seduce various lovely ladies (Blake 67). On the other side, the women play an important role as they are portrayed as lovers and care givers who play a critical role in passing on life from one generation to another. One of

Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman Empire - Essay Example At the same time, there was high inflation at the empire, and its economy was deteriorating. The state was under constant threats of bankruptcy because its inhabitants resisted sharing the empire’s wealth. Large amounts of gold were sent to the orient to cater for luxury goods that led to a decline on the gold available to make coins. Its currency devalued, and people had to return bartering system of trade (â€Å"IHA†). The empire also had heavy military spending. Its constant wars saw the army overstretched, and it started recruiting the conquered barbarians and other foreign mercenaries. The barbarians later joined up with outside forces to fight the empire. At one time, the Roman soldiers were moved to fight in Italy civil wars leaving their borders with little resistance to German mercenaries (â€Å"IHA†). The period ranged approximately 80 BC to 20 AD. During this period, the Latin Language was perfected as a literary medium. Some of the main and outstanding Latin masterpieces were composed during this period. In it, the Ciceronian Period lasted from 70 BC to 42 BC, and was dominated by Marcus Tullius Cicero. The second was between 43 BC and 20 AD named as the Augustan Age. It featured writers such as Livy, Horace, and Virgil (Spielvogel, 152). The period ran from 500 BC to 330 BC. It was a great age for arts and literature. Some of the notable figures in this period were Greek dramatists such as Aristophanes and Euripides. They were also influential poets such as Ovid and Horace (Spielvogel, 89-100). The period was between 800 BC and 500 BC. Literature from this period includes earliest texts that have preserved as manuscripts. The period marked immaturity both in language and art. Poetry dominated the period with notable figures such as Pacuvius, Ennius, and Accius. Literature also drew from the traditions of other communities’ cultures such as Greece (Spielvogel, 67-79). Roman architecture was inspired by

Is Global Warming a Scam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Global Warming a Scam - Research Paper Example This report stresses that since nothing has proved beyond doubt that the carbon dioxide and other toxic gases causes to the atmosphere. Most of the reliable sources of temperature data show no global warming trend. All predictions of global warming are based on computer models, which is incapable of predicting the history. Global warming data has historical importance and hence it should be analyzed based on the history as well. â€Å"A modest amount of global warming, should it occur, would be beneficial to the natural world and to human civilization. Efforts to quickly reduce human greenhouse gas emissions would be costly and would not stop Earth’s climate from changing. Even the governments are spending billions of dollars in the researches of global warming. Moreover these scientists succeeded in threatening the world population and thus the governments forced to allocate more money to the researches in this field which were looted by some greedy politicians and scientist s. This paper makes a conclusion that the increased amount of carbon dioxide causing global warming. In fact the amount of increased Co2 in atmosphere caused by human activities is negligible compared to the increase in atmospheric temperature. The changes caused in Sun are the main reason behind the atmospheric temperature increase. It is evident from the climate changes in other planets that sun is the villain, not the human being on earth which causes global warming. The global warming subject is a huge scam developed by some politicians and scientists to rob the wealth of common people.

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example This symbolizes that he is still innocent and yet to be corrupted by the world. She pleads with him not to leave, but he is determined to leave. The fact that it is sunset as he begins his journey is also symbolic. The evening gets darker until the scene reaches climax. This symbolizes God’s light that slowly fades from Goodman’s heart (Bloom 64). Brown wanders into the woods with tangled ways, poor visibility, and dark. This symbolizes the confusion and loneliness of a life that is Godless. Goodman meets the devil who is described as being similar to him. This symbolizes the presence of the devil in the world according to the Christian domain. At this point, Brown makes at attempt to move away from the devil and go back to faith. He however does not achieve this and moves further into the forest where he meets several people, with the devil disappearing. When he is left alone, he tries to pray but he is distracted by a black cloud. This symbolizes how sin prevents people’s eyes from seeing the heavens (Ullen 371). Generally, symbolism within Young Goodman Brown is spiritual. Brown loses faith by following a path that is evil. The devil and Tom Walker is another symbolic story that is written by Washington Irving. The main character of the story is Tom Walker, who is wretched and leads an unhappy life. His wife is his primary source of misery. Their house is located in a dreary and desolate place. The house seemed like it was haunted and lifeless with a gloomy sensation. The house has been used symbolically to represent how Tom and his wife lived in misery (Buchanam 67). The setting has further been portrayed symbolically to portray misery, worries, and sins. Greed has been represented symbolically throughout the story. Native Americans, for instance, suffered greatly from the land owners and colonialists as a result of greed. The devil uses trees for firewood to symbolize his collection of men’s souls to

Digital Audio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Digital Audio - Research Paper Example By 1937, British scientist Alec Reeves invented and patented the Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). The digital revolution has also been pushed forward by the advent of cheap and powerful computational devices. We must also keep in mind the immense contribution of the military in any great leap in technology. The First World War brought in electricity and vacuum tubes. By the Second World War, solid state electronics were invented and this is the first impetus in bringing in the era of miniaturization and power. By 1950s and 1960s, computers were developed and used by the military to build the World Wide Web, which later on in the 1990s were made available to the average consumer. In 1957, Max Matthews of The Bell Laboratory demonstrated how to record sound digitally using computer. The digital recording process consists essentially of an Analogue to Digital conversion. This is achieved by chopping up the signal into small intervals at a rate at least twice the highest perceivable frequenc y. Each part of the sample is then coded using binary numbering system and recorded as pulses. The earlier experiments were done using tape as a storage medium but later discs replaced them. They had a higher density. In chopping up the signal at the rate of 44.1 KHz (in case of ACDs), the amplitude of each part of the waveform sampled is expressed as a binary number containing the equivalent of a combination of 16- zeroes and ones (if 16 Bit quantization is used as in ACDs) or any lower number depending upon the system. This means that the amplitude of this small part of the signal sampled can be expressed in as many as 16 to the power 16 or 65,536 increments. Such a high number of increments to describe a small part of the signal required fast recording density and speed. Therefore video tape recorders were used to record digitally converted audio signal. Discs carrying video frequencies were made to rotate up to 1800 rpm and between 150 and 400 rpm for audio programs. To record a full album digitally, we had to wait until 1976. The first ever 16 bit digital recording was made by Dr. Stockham of Soundstream using a Soundstream Recorder in the U.S. Santa Fe Opera. Sony introduced its flagship D/A converter the PCM 1 in the same year. Now digital recording was in the hands of anyone who can afford the machine and hook it up with an existing VHS VCR to convert it into a digital recorder. In 1979, the first fully digital album was released by Ry Cooder: â€Å"Bop till you Drop†. It was recorded using a 32 track digital multi-track recorder built by 3M. In 1980, Sony and Philips announced the arrival of Audio Compact Disc. The possibility of easy and lossless distribution of high quality digital audio content finally brought in the first waves of the digital boom. In the sphere of studio systems, during 1985, there were only three models of Digital Audio Workstations (DAW) available and only two of them were disk based systems. Audio File from AMS and Dire ct to Disc by NED, were the only two options the third by Denon was the DN 052 ED. But in the years immediately after this, the Digital Audio Workstations were the order of the day for any studios. 3M, Sony, Mitsubishi and Studer introduced their own versions of the DAW. By 1986, the digital consoles started coming in and RDAT was introduced in Japan, making it possible to make digital replicas of recordings easily. If CD was to replace the LP, RDAT was supposed to replace

Russias Foreign Policy with Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russias Foreign Policy with Japan - Essay Example Tanaka (1993) offers the argument that Russia is an interesting example to be used in analyzing Japan's development of identity and concept of "self" because Russia does not fall into the category of Japan's "Orient" self, neither does it fall into the category of Japan's "West", both of which are generally the dominant "others" in relation to which Japan's foreign policy and national identity have been conditioned. As a result, Japan's relations with Russia conform to a unique pattern which has impacted upon both Japanese and Russian national character. As Hasegawa (2000) has pointed out, Russia has always been relatively unpopular in Japan, especially as compared to other countries such as China and the United States. Bukh (2007) has assessed the contributions made by Japan's popular novelists, such as Shiba Ryotaro who have dealt exhaustively with the subject of Japan's history and have been largely responsible for the development of the Japan-Russia discourse. Japan's national id entity has been defined as a positive entity mostly in relation to a negative "other", in this instance Russia. During the period after the IInd World War, Russia's increasing industrial strength moved it into a position of strength during the Cold War when the country rapidly evolved to a position of power. n view of the significant problems of poverty and devastation that Japan experienced after the IInd World War and the Pacific War, and Russia's comparatively more prosperous position, the effort to improve Japan's position of necessity resulted in Russia being placed in the position of the negative other. Once the Cold War was over and Japan's economic position began to improve in relation to Russia, the latter still served to define Japan's identity in relation to a negative "other" because during this period, Russia may have served as a negative "other" symbolizing the evils of communism which had been unsuccessful. Russia has become even more relevant in establishing Japan's national identity after the latter's economic recovery began to sustain itself. Since Japan was also on the periphery of international affairs, its adherence to western capitalistic philosophy and it's aligning itself with the United States provided it an opportunity to regain some status within the international community as a country aligned with Western international interests. From Russia's perspective, its policy towards Japan was initially driven by territorial interests when it annexed the northern territories. According to Pikes (1996/7), the foreign policy of any great power is linked to its economy. The root of Russian foreign policy originates in the Bolshevik revolution, wherein Russia was to be merely a springboard from which the Communist revolution and philosophy were to spread to all parts of the world, including the Communist countries. The expansionist policy associated with this belief was the partial cause of Russia's appropriation of the northern territories. Mo reover, Japan's rejection of Communist philosophies and adoption of the western philosophy has placed the two nations at opposite ends of the spectrum, despite both of them being peripheral nations as further detailed in this report.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Education - Essay Example This means that students relying on these programs lag behind in terms of technological proficiency and are not able to compete for jobs with their counterparts from other schools (Ross, 2006). Another concern rises from the curriculum’s dependence on theoretical approaches to concepts taught in science classes. Currently, practical examinations contribute very little to the final grades of students. This has made most students to concentrate more on their theoretical studies at the expense of practical studies. There is also need for inclusion of critical co-curricular activities to ensure that students develop to their full potential. While there is need to emphasize on academic success, this should not be achieved at the expense of co-curricular activities such as music and drama (Stark & Lattuca, 2013). Having raised these concerns, I believe the following changes can be important in improving the curriculum. One of the changes relates with aligning the curriculum to ensure that it emphasizes more on analytical thinking skills required at workplace. Science courses at the school should emphasize on science practices. This can be achieved through increasing the percentage contribution of practical examinations to the final grades of students while increasing practical classes (Stark & Lattuca, 2013). There is also need to increase the minimum requirement for entry into mathematics courses in the school to ensure that students who enroll in these courses are able to complete them. This will not only reduce the number of dropouts but also ensure that students graduating from the school have the required standards of mathematical knowledge. The curriculum should further be adjusted such that more emphasis is put on applications of mathematical concepts rather than just learning the concepts in class. Technology programs should also be reviewed to ensure that they equip students with the

Industrial Clusters Essay Example for Free

Industrial Clusters Essay The software industry clusters in India had emerged in a few cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Kolkatta, when conducive conditions became available. This paper highlights the development of the software industry clusters along with some setbacks suffered by them, and the pros and cons of industrial clusters. Arora (2007) reported that the early software industry clusters in India had emerged in Bangalore due to the existence of private engineering colleges, which provided a large number of fresh engineering graduates for the Indian software companies to provide services for software exports. see more:essay on bangalore city Ramachandran and Ray (2003) mentioned that the late software industry clusters mushroomed in the Indian cities of Hyderabad and Kolkatta due to the impetus provided by the entrepreneurship of the state as well as the individuals. According to Khomiakova (2007), these industry clusters have witnessed setbacks, which include an â€Å"overstressed infrastructure,† a steep rise in the cost of real estate, and scarcity of skilled professionals due to a progressive increase in demand being more than the supply. Arora (2007) highlighted that the major advantages of the software industry clusters in India include generation of employment for millions of young graduates, enhancement of productivity, and an increase in investments by Indian as well as multinational companies. Consequently, the development of industry clusters has prevented migration of local graduates to other Indian cities, and also, helped in the economic growth of the city, its state and India. However, their major disadvantage has been marginal loss of business and employment in the IT sector of developed countries, which have outsourced work to these industry clusters. The software industry clusters originated due to the prevalence of favorable conditions in some Indian cities, and they have redefined the global business operations of the IT industry.

Explanations of disorders of memory Essay Example for Free

Explanations of disorders of memory Essay An evaluation point for repression is research by Levinger and Clark, they carried out a study where the Ps were given negatively charged words and neutral words. They had to do a word association task whilst having their skin response measured. The Ps were then given the cue words again and asked the associations hey had just reported. They found that Ps took longer to recall the negatively charged associations than the neutral ones. So it could be said that it took longer to access the unconscious mind for the word associations. It has been reported that between 20-60% of people undergoing therapy as a result of child sexual abuse report periods in their lives when they could not remember the abuse had taken place. This supports repression as it shows that the memories had been repressed in their unconscious. However it could be said that they did not want to recall the events so therefore pretended they couldnrsquo;t remember. Freud published case studies for his neurotic patients to support his ideas of repression. These have been questioned as inaccurate, however the case studied were unique and one off and cant be generalised as the study took place on white,middle class neurotic women only. The study could be therefore be said to be Oestocentric and culture bias. The study however did have rich qualitative data. Post traumatic stress disorder is where people re-live traumatic events that have taken place in theory lives. This contradicts repression theory as these people are always remembering it as its not being repressed like Freud says they should. Robinson et al found that the memory of childbirth pain seems to be forgotten or repressed over time. This supports Freuds theory as child birth can be very traumatic however there are problems with using this evidence to support repression. It is difficult to generalise as the pain of childbirth is more painful and lasts longer than other types of pain. In conclusion all the theories of forgetting have their strengths but some seem to have more credibility and face validity than others. Psychologists however have considered that forgetting can be induced by memory disorders such as amnesia and dementia.

Monopolistic Competition Explained

Monopolistic Competition Explained There are four main market structures in an industry, namely, perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. A perfect competition is a market structure that occurs when there are many small business organizations that engage in a competition with one another. On this basis, the decision of one seller does not create any impact on the price of the products under consideration (Parkin, 2012). It is important to denote that under this market structure, the products of the companies are standardized and they are identical. These small business organizations do not have any influence on the price of their products. It is the market that determines the prices of their products, through the laws of supply and demand. This market is also characterized by an absence of barriers that prevent new companies from leaving or entering the market. An example of an industry that operates under a perfect market structure is the agriculture industry (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). In the agriculture industry, there are a variety of firms that seek to sale agricultural produce to consumers. The prices of agricultural products are always guided by the laws of demand and supply, and no individual business person can influence the prices of agricultural products. However, it is important to denote that a perfect competition is a theoretical type of market structure, and it rarely exists in the real life. This is because companies always advertise their services for purposes of gaining a market share, and reduce the prices of their products for purposes of increasing their sales. Companies will strive to control the prices of their products, in order to achieve profitability (Parkin, 2012). The perfect market structure is an opposite of a monopoly. Under monopoly, there is only a single company that provides a certain service or good. The company under consideration will always control the prices of its products because competition does not exist. In a monopoly, the product that is produced is unique, and hence there is no substitute for the products. A monopolistic market is highly regulated, whereby new entries are blocked and it is also difficult to move out of this market. The reason as to why there is a restriction in this market is because of the high costs of operating the business under consideration. Political, economic and social factors can also be the reason as to why new players might be reluctant to invest in this market (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). For example, the government can decide to form a monopoly in an industry that it wants to control. A good example is the electricity and the oil industry. Another barrier might occur a company has an exclusive right over the production of a natural resource. An example is the oil industry in Saudi-Arabia where the Saudi Government has exclusive control over the oil resources in the country. A monopoly will also exist when an organization has a patent or copyright, which in turn will prevent other players from entering the market. An example is Pfizer, which had a patent right over the production and distribution of Viagra (Parkin, 2012). An oligopoly on the other hand is a market structure whereby there are only a few companies that are responsible for producing and supplying goods and services. These groups of companies have a control of the various prices of their products. It is similar to a monopoly in the sense that it has a high barrier of entry. This is because entering in this type of a market requires high capital base, which is always difficult to raise (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). It is also similar to companies operating under a perfect competition in that the products of one firm, is very similar to the products of another firm. This is in terms of quality, and their features. In as much as companies operating under an oligopoly have a control over their prices, they are always inter-dependent on one another. This is because before formulating a policy, these companies will have to analyze the reactions of their competitors in terms of the prices of their commodities, advertising and selling strategies, etc. Examples of companies that operate under this type of market structure are the auto-mobile companies. These companies are few in nature, and it always requires a huge capital base for anybody to invest in an auto-mobile industry. The marketing policies of these companies are always inter-dependent with one another. For example, Mercedes/Daimler is a luxury brand whose main competitor is BMW. The prices of Mercedes vehicles will always be determined by the prices of BMW (Parkin, 2012). This is because they are both competing for the same market, and they produce a similar product. An example of an oligopolic market structure is the duopoly. A duopoly is a market structure characterized by the existence of two firms/ industries. A duopoly can have the same impact as a monopoly if the two organizations collude for purposes of controlling the prices of their products. An example of a duopoly is the master card and visa (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). These two companies have a significant control of the electronic payment market. Other examples include Apple and Amazon, because of their significant dominance of the e-book market. Finally, a monopolistic competition on the other hand is highly similar to a perfect competition. In this type of market, there exist many companies each controlling a small percentage of the market share. This is similar to a perfect competition market which thrives on the availability of many small companies, competing for the same market (Parkin, 2012). However, the main difference between this type of market with that of a perfect competition market is that these companies produce different products, and is characterized by different pricing and advertisements strategies. A monopolistic competition market thrives on variety. Example of companies operating under this structure is the fast food restaurants. Restaurants produce a variety of foods, with different pricing strategies and brand names. They are also located in different areas, and this satisfies the characteristics of a monopolistic competition. s Bibliography: Parkin, M. (2012). Economics (10th ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley. Schwartz, R. A., Carew, M. G., Maksimenko, T. (2010). Micro markets a market structure  approach to microeconomic analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons.

Sears and the dishwasher industry :: essays research papers

Where should Sears source the dishwashers from? Sears is the giant leading broad line retailer providing merchandise and related services. In keeping with its sourcing philosophy, Sears generally prefers to work with one, rather than multiple suppliers. When the supplier does not offer a specific type of appliance, Sears would source it somewhere else. Sears’ objective is to share as much as possible of the production and assembly process with the suppliers’ products. Based on the readings one important component of Sears’ sourcing strategy is to ensure that its suppliers have stable top management over a long term. Sears sources its dishwashers from D&M, because of D&M’s cost position. They would not find elsewhere the quality and the price that D&M offers. Sears itself designs the dishwashers based on the customer’s preferences and provides them the best quality with the best price named Kenmore. GE is the toughest competitor to Sears as well as to D&M and considering sourcing from GE would not be feasible, because GE’s policy is that GE product would carry GE name. Now GE is a customer of Sears that in the same time competes with Kenmore’s products. Another souring possibility could have been Whirlpool which like GE uses its name for its products, but for Sears it would not make economic sense to go towards that direction. After Sears, GE, and Whirlpool, there really is no full-line name in the market of any significance. Sears as well as the customers are content with D&M’s products, but one important issue could be if D&M will keep up with its R&D in order to continue competing with GE as well as with Whirlpool. After all these years it will be very difficult for Sears to pull back from D&M and go after another supplier.

Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? Essay -- Explorato

Genetic Testing - Are the Benefits Worth the Risks? In 2001 The Human Genome Project was completed giving us the make up of the entire human genome. Science can now tell what color your eyes are, what gender you are, and what diseases you have just by extracting one strand of DNA. The question I propose to you now is; do you really want to know? Is it a good thing to know that you will get a disease that will eat away your mind, and cripple you till you wither away at the early age of 43 (Huntington Disease)? Genetic testing is the new wave of the future. Geneticists can now tell possible carriers of the gene for Huntington’s disease their true fate, not just give them odds. Now that we can tell people what genes they will or do have, do we allow people to selectively decide when and whatever they want to know? Do we test the unborn, and if so, then can the parents abort if they are unhappy with the results? How far do we let things go? Is genetic testing really a good ethical procedure? But what if it could also prevent and he lp cure disease? There are many issues involved with genetic testing. I will discuss the reasons the medical professions are for and against genetic testing also the concerns bioethicists have in that testing could be used for inappropriate reasons. Interest in genetics has grown universally, and with good reason. For me it is very personal. As a biomedical engineering major at State University, I could one day be behind genetic developments and I will want to know the ethical concerns with it. As for other students, it is just as important they keep up to date with what is going on because they could very well be faced with the decision of whether or not to take a genetic test. It coul... ...cal Journal 325.7368 (2002): 784-784. Chapman, Audrey R... "Genetic Engineering and Theology: Exploring the Interconnections." Theology Today 59.1 (2002): 71-86. 2/24/04. http://rapid.library.../>. Greengard, Samuel. "Genetic Testing." Workforce 76.7 (1997): 38-44. 3/22/03. http://0-web4.epnet.com.catalog.library.colostate.edu/>. Hensrud, Donald D. "Genetic Effects." Fortune 145.11 (2002): 194-194. 2/21/03. http://0-search.epnet.com.catalog.library.colostate.edu/>. Johnson, Dan. "Ethics in the Genetic Age." Futurist 34.6 (2000): 13-14. Parker, Michael, Anneke Lucassen. "Working towards ethical management of genetic testing.." Lancet 360.9346 (2002): 1685-1685. Vastag, Brian. "Experts Wrestle with Social, Ethical Implications of Human Genome Research." JAMA 285.6 (2001): 721-722. 3/15/2003. http://0-jama.ama-assn.org.catalob.library.colostate.edu/>.

Charles Schwab :: Business Essays

Charles Schwab Since opening in 1974 Charles Schwab became a well known name in households. The firm’s main goal was to differentiate and honor their customers with available research. In 1997 Charles Schwab exceeded in altering his marketing environment to improve the business as well as customer satisfaction, value and retention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By offering the online trading option Schwab was able to lure customers in with an exceptional value proposition as well as a value – delivered system unknown to investors. By placing the decision making and the convenience of trading in the customer’s hands, Schwab made this service exciting and cost effective to customers, thus making many investors satisfied Schwab customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwab also created customer value. Analyzing the firm’s success I noticed that Schwab delivers outstanding quality in service. Schwab provides customers service online as well as in his branches. This service includes technical support as well as investment tips and investment education information for all existing clients as well as future clients.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwab also established a Value- Delivered Networks with many companies which offer customer discounts and promotions. They offer promotions and discounts such as reduced traveling trips, good mortgage rates, and free airlines tickets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwab attracts its customers by advertising on a level of encouragement. In the beginning Charles Schwab advertisements consisted of real Schwab customers and employees. Later on, Schwab enlisted a celebrity spokesperson to advertise the simplicity and knowledge of online investing and investing principles. These advertisements attracted the average Joe and the average family. Schwab employed financial advisers in their branches who are able to educate, provide trading tips, and advice, along with other services, to customers. Aside from attracting its customers by providing top quality, simple, and reliable online trading service, Schwab retains its customers by keeping them satisfied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion Charles Schwab effectively anticipated the needs of the market. He jumped on the internet craze of this decade and effectively succeeded. By offering Online Trading Charles Schwab attracted new customers, provided

Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin Tone Distortion Essay

The following six questions are addressed in a critique of an article entitled: Controversial Rap Themes, Gender Portrayals and Skin Tone Distortion: A Content Analysis of Rap Music Videos. This article was published in the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media and written by Kate Conrad, Travis Dixon, and Yuanyuan Zhang. Kate and Yuanyuan are PhD students in the Department of Speech Communications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Travis is Assistant Professor of Speech Communication at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Q1: Does the program address age-related patterns of disorder and competence? From the description of the program provided, it appears that this program does address age-related patters of disorder and competence, however this is inferred. The methods section of this article describes the sample as consisting on 93 sixth graders from five different classrooms in three towns in the Northeast. In statistical analyses, this sample of six graders was compared to a control group of 34 fifth graders from two different classrooms in two of the three same towns. The author indicates sixth graders were selected because they are considered old enough to have developed the cognitive skills and scholastic abilities to follow the curriculum. This assertion is supported with citation from numerous published research including: Flavel, Flavel, Green & Korfmacher, 1990; Singer, Zuckerman & Singer, 1980; Suddendorf, 1999). Additionally, fifth and sixth graders were selected because they are considered old enough not to be frightened or disturbed by violent images that were analyzed in the study (Cantor, 1994). And finally, sixth graders are considered young enough chronologically to still be forming patterns for media consumption, as well as opinions regarding mass media. The author and other scholars believe these opinions may persist into adulthood as supported by Comstock & Scharrer, 1999). Q2: Does the program target the appropriate age group? This rationale for selecting this age group is outlined in the response above. Just to recap, sixth graders were selected because: †¢ They are believed to have the cognitive and scholastic abilities to follow the curriculum. †¢ They are considered old enough not to be frighten or disturbed by violent images †¢ They are considered young enough to still be forming patterns of media consumption †¢ They are considered young enough to still be forming opinions about mass media Q3: Does the program include a representative sample? Based on the information presented in the article, this program does not include a representative sample of all sixth graders. The author addresses sampling issues in the discussion of limitations. â€Å"†¦.control group members were fifth graders, whereas treatment group members were sixth graders. Although statistical analysis accounting for previously existing differences in comprehension and critical thinking about media violence alleviates this limitation, it is nonetheless a flaw in the design.† Q4: Does the program address relevant contexts? Based on the information presented in the article, this program addresses relevant contexts in the following ways: 1. The school as a social context and an appropriate setting to access children in this age group 2. Media literacy as a socially relevant ‘context’ to encourage students to become active consumers of the media by questioning media practices, messages, and effects. 3. Violence in media that is consumed by children in this age group because violence is the primary concern among a list of ethical issues pertaining to entertainment media content (Lind & Rarick, 1992). 4. The â€Å"high-risk† factors in the portrayal of TV violence are relevant context because they are believed to constitute a particular high risk for older children and adolescents (ages 7-18) due to their association with aggressive outcomes in this age group. Does the program address relevant developmental tasks? Based on the information presented, this program addresses relevant developmental tasks for the sample. Students preexisting comprehension of concepts and critical thinking about ethical issues associated with media were measured. A part of the study procedure was to introduce, define, discuss each high-risk portrayal factor and discuss the general conclusions drawn from the literature pertaining to each factor. Discussion was a key component of the procedure and this may or may not have been developmentally appropriate even though the author indicates special emphasis was placed on why each factor was associated with a heightened risk of learning aggression. Additionally, the author uses ‘ethical responsibilities and social responsibilities’ of ‘media producers’ and whether and how media should be ‘regulated’. These concepts may be understood by some of even many in this population, however this information was not provided in the article. How well does the program address relevant risk/protective factors? Based on the information presented in the article, the author does not explicitly state that knowledge, comprehension and critical thinking are protective factors, however this can be inferred based on the commonly held belief that increased critical thinking skills results in increased protective factors. Likewise, the lack of knowledge about violence and inadequate or poor critical thinking skills would result in increased risks. Summarize your opinion about the feasibility and cost of this program. Based on the information provided, it is my opinion that this program is quite feasible particularly since it is only five 1-hour visits to the sixth-grade. Additionally, college students served primarily as staff further limiting the costs to implement this program and increasing the probability of it being sustained beyond the initial study if desired. Summarize your opinion about the level of evidence demonstrated for this program based on the articles you reviewed. The level of evidence presented in this article seems sufficient in some of the assertions and less than sufficient in others. For example, the literature review in support of media literacy was sufficient. The assertions regarding ethics of media producers and that they should be socially responsible seemed more like conjecture, although I happen to agree. Critical thinking is a central tenant to this research and the literature or ‘evidence’ regarding it was minimally adequate, although sufficiently cited. Space or word limitations often make it more difficult to thoroughly explicate the rationale in the background and significance section of an article such as this.

Endangered Species

I have selected endangered species as my topic because no matter what we do or where we go, everything around us is affected by any changes that we make in the surrounding environment. One of the articles that I have selected covers multiple attacks that have been made by gray wolves killing huge quantity of valuable cattle and other livestock and whether or not they should be removed for the endangered species list. The other defines and talks about endangered species themselves and the reason that the endangered species list was created in the first place.Endangered Species Author: Current EventsTitle: Man versus WildDocument type: Article (Informational)Primary audience: Educational| Author: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Title: Endangered speciesDocument type: Encyclopedia (Informational)Primary audience: Educational| | | In a search that I did in the AIU library, I can across an article from an informational magazine called† Current Events†. This is an informational article where the primary audience is teachers and students. They talk about a particular animal that is currently on the endangered species list called the gray wolf.According to the article, â€Å"In 2008, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) suggested that the gray wolf population had recovered to the point at which it no longer needed to be listed in some states† (Current Events, 9/27/2010). But according to the article, some wildlife protection groups took action to put an end to the proposal. The gray wolf was first put on the endangered species list by the USFWS in 1974. But according to estimates given by experts that the magazine collected the research from, â€Å"There are 1,700 gray wolves in Idaho, Montana, eastern Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming.I came up with the thesis statement of â€Å"No matter what we do or where we go, everything around us is affected by any changes that we make in the surrounding environment†. In Michigan, Minnesota, and W isconsin, there are about 4,000, and gray wolves have been spotted in Colorado, Utah, and as far east as New England† (Current Events, 9/27/2010). Now the USFWS is making its’ fourth attempt to remove the gray wolf from the list in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan but Michigan and Wisconsin are both asking to decrease the wolf population by ten percent annually from the government.And a U. S. representative from Texas is proposing to ban the gray wolf from being listed as endangered or threatened in any state from the Endangered Species Act. But quite a few wildlife protection organizations oppose any change in the status and still say a wolf recovery plan is still needed even though there are reports of losses in Montana and Idaho. One case where a Montana rancher lost â€Å"at least three calves, valued at $2,400, to the Horse Creek wolf pack before wildlife officials took action† (Current Events, 9/27/2010).The McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology defines an endangered species as â€Å"A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. â€Å"Threatened species† is a related term, referring to a species likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. The main factors that cause species to become endangered are habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and overexploitation† (McGraw-Hill Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (2004). â€Å"The evidence of a recovery for the gray wolf is as plain as day,† says U.S. Rep. Denny Rehberg (R-Mont. ), who supports Edwards's proposal. â€Å"Yet Montana †¦ wildlife managers have their hands tied when it comes to managing the predator. † (Current Events, 9/27/2010). Currently gray wolves are still on the endangered species list and can only be killed with the governments permission or by an authorized government agent as they deem necessary, but quite a few wildlife officia ls feel that the wolf population is stable however and are ready to â€Å"pull the trigger when packs pose problems† and believe that â€Å"part of having wolves is having o kill wolves,† Mark Collinge, director for Wildlife Services in Idaho, told The Associated Press (Current Events, 9/27/2010). Some wildlife advocates say that man will always come out as top dog in the battle of humans versus wolf and that human activity, hunting, and trapping put the gray wolf on the endangered species list in the first place. And there is the possibility of the wolves becoming endangered again if they were to be removed from the list. And some wildlife advocates still don’t agree that their population is large enough to recover from harsh winters and disease if humans are a threat as well.And simply reintroducing a certain number of wolves back into a particular region may not be enough according to Humane Society of the United States (Current Events, 9/27/2010). So in conc lusion, both the USFWS and wildlife protection groups will have to at some point come together at look at what is best for both the gray wolf and also what is best for the people that have to live in the regions that are populated by the gray wolf and come to a joint decision about the final action to be take in order to keep both parties out of harm’s way.This article agrees with my thesis statement of â€Å"because no matter what we do or where we go, everything around us is affected by any changes that we make in the surrounding environment† because it is giving both sides of the story that is presented and giving insight as to why each side is taking the actions that have been said and giving reference points on those actions instead of just saying something to say it and not having anything to represent their case on the subject.

Purpose and History Essay

If they asked most people who committed the first crime they probably would say Eve giving the apple to Adam was the first crime. When you think about it though, the only crime she did was disobeying God. The first crime that was committed was by her son Kane when he killed Abel. This is why people commit crimes today. Since then developers have come up with a couple of different models for prison development. The first model is the Auburn system with the Pennsylvania model later following. With the rise of both models, the developers came up with prison labor that has been implemented in all of prisons today. When prisons first started, it was not intended for inmates. Prisons were designed for people who could not meet their financial obligation. It was also a place where they could hold people waiting to be tried in court as well as convicts waiting to be sentenced. Later prison became a place where they could hold convicted criminals as they tried to reform them back into society. According to â€Å"History and Development of Prisons† (2012), the main emphasis of prison was strict discipline and hard labor. The â€Å"History and Development of Prisons† (2012) also believed that the unsanitary conditions and lack of welfare for inmates spread throughout the nation as they came up with some different models for prisons. The earliest model that was put into place for a prison was the Auburn model. The Auburn model was developed in 1816. This model was designed so that inmates could live and eat with each other. The drawback to this model was that an inmate would get in major trouble if they were caught interacting. This model became the model prison for multiple state prisons around the US. Sing Sing is one of the famous prisons known for using this model. Over 10 years later they built a prison in Pennsylvania, and they used a solitary model for this design. The solitary model was designed so an inmate could stay in their cell and not even see other inmates. In 1829 the developers came up with another model for prisons. This model was the Pennsylvania model. This model was a little similar to later Auburn model to fact that they used to solitary model design. In this model inmates were not allowed to see face to face. With the Pennsylvania model came with what is the Victorian era. In the Victorian era the main emphasis for this was hard labor. Not labor as far as working in the fields, but physical training. This era actually believed in making there inmates suffer physically. In this era they wanted to make prison as hard as it possibly could. The cells in this era were designed so inmates could get to and from work without even seeing fellow inmates. This era was also notorious for bringing in scientist to determine the smallest amount of food that an inmate possibly could eat and still survive. Then they had other scientist who would take this food and develop ways to make this food feel, smell, and taste foul. Some inmates would die from malnutrition because they just could not take it. Labor in prisons is really starting to rise. Corporations are saving millions of dollars in money where they usually would have to hire workers to do, is being done by inmates. There is an organization in Florida called PRIDE (Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversified Enterprises) where inmates are processing different meats like pork, chicken, and beef. The meats that they are being process are served in the local schools in that area. Down in West Texas they have what is known as a mattress factory where inmates are assembling mattresses to be disbursed throughout all the Texas prisons. Prison systems are finding ways to get cheap labor out of inmates while they are inside the system. On the other hand some of the labor done in prisons is just pointless. In Louisiana they have â€Å"chain gangs† and in Texas they have the â€Å"ho squad.† Both these crews will go out to an unknown location and just do pointless labor. In conclusion it is no secret who committed the first crime. With this crime being committed, it made developers want to come up with a few ways to mold different styles of prisons. Each model was designed so that an inmate would never want to go there again. Each model developed came with a job that had to be done as well. Reference Page Elk, M. (2011). The Hidden History of ALEC and Prison Labor. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com University Of Phoenix. (2007). THE FIRST PENITENTIARIES: ENGLAND AND NORTH AMERICA . Retrieved from University Of Phoenix, CJA/234 website.

Belonging to a community Essay

Belonging to a community or a group has a significant impact on an individual sense of belonging. Belonging is a concept that provides confidence and support to individuals who are able to connect to people or places. Individuals that belong to a community or a group have portrayed that there are significant impact that do affect a individual own sense of acceptance, which could lead to a better wellbeing. However not belonging to a community or a group has negative impact on the individual as presented by Peter Skrynecki of Immigrant chronicles, J.D. Salinger Catcher in the Rye and The related text. Belonging is established by individuals who are able to search for a place to belong, not realising that it is the perceptions and attitudes, not the place that allow us to belong. Immigrant chronicles by Peter Skrynecki, the poems â€Å"St Patrick’s College†, and â€Å"In the folk museum†, have displayed a significant impact on an individual’s sense of belong ing. In St Patrick’s college, Peter Skrzynecki explores the effects of schooling on an individual sense of belonging and self. Time is a deciding factor that strengthens an individual connection to a community or a group creating a stronger sense of belonging to the community or group. However for the persona demonstrated by Peter Skynecki in St Patrick College, the persona has â€Å"for eight years† caught the 414 bus; however he describes himself â€Å"like a foreign tourist†. The effect of simile â€Å"like a foreign† shows disconnection to a path that he has travelled on for eight years, displaying the significance of the disconnection and still able to say that the persona takes the bus â€Å"like a foreign tourist†, even though the persona has been on this path for eight years, he takes the bus like it’s his first time on this bus as the persona states he is a foreigner. The repetition of â€Å"For eight years† is to further stress the amount of time that passed and that the persona has still not been able to make a sense of connection, to the school or to the bus and learning the religion there at a superficial level. The school religion for the persona was that he â€Å"Could say the Lord’s Prayer/ In Latin, all in one breath. The connotation â€Å"all in one breath†, displays the persona lack of sincerity, portraying he learnt it at a superficial level. The use of enjambment â€Å"Could say the lord’s prayer/In Latin, all in one breath, emphasis he doesn’t understand Latin, even if he could do it in one breath. The enjambment suggests that the persona can say it, but doesn’t understand it. The emphasis of â€Å"In Latin† portrays irony to  him â€Å"I forgot my first Polish word† in Feliks Skrynecki. Belonging to a community or a group has a significant impact on an individual sense of belonging as displayed by St Patrick College. People can find their own sense of identity by belonging to a group, as represented by the persona in St Patrick College, as he was a part of his school community. Even though the persona state that he did not feel that he belong to his school the irony is that the school became part of his thought, highlighting the fact that belongin g to a community or a group has a significant impact on an individual sense of belonging. In the folk museum the persona perceives his lack of belonging in the setting of the museum and its surrounding as the poet Peter Skrynecki explores concept of alienation in a more general way. The poem â€Å"In the folk museum† is an abstract look at the persona’s emotional turmoil as well as the persona choosing not wanting to belong to the museum. This is portrayed by the enjambment of the two lines â€Å" To remind me of a past/Which isn’t mine†, makes the emphasis fall heavily on â€Å"Which isn’t†, highlighting the persona’s alienation for the words and the objects in the museum. Not being able to establish a connection with your heritage, affects a person’s sense of belonging as understanding one’s self is the key to belonging, relating to Feliks Skrynecki as the persona does not understand why â€Å"His Polish friends/ Always shook hands too violently†, as that is the father culture. The persona’s sw ift exit â€Å"And I leave without wanting a final look† brings the use of connection on â€Å"final†, displaying how he is not belonging as the persona chose not to look back. The alliteration, â€Å"without wanting† creates a sense of the persona’s firm decision not to belong in this place. Yet, â€Å"At the door the old woman’s hand/ Touches mine†. The syntax causes the stress to fall heavily on the word, â€Å"Touches†, highlighting the woman’s attempt to make some connection. This human touch contrasts to the earlier â€Å"cold† touch of the â€Å"grey clay bottle†. The persona’s earlier comparison of the woman with the cold bottle is undercut by her attempt at warmth. This touch does not imply relationship though, as is seen in the final question, â€Å"Would you please sign the Visitors’ Book?† The polite modality â€Å"Would you please† and the word, â€Å"Visitors† emphasises that the persona is an outsider in this place. The concept of belonging is that we choose whether to belong or not, and that not belonging does have a significant impact on an individual sense of belonging as displayed in the  folk museum, as the persona was not able to make connection to the old woman or to the relics displayed in the museum. Holden Caulfield in Catcher in the Rye displays that belonging to a community or a group has a significant impact on an individual sense of belonging as emphasis by Holden Caulfield has displayed a similar contrast to the Immigrant chronicle of St Patrick’s College and Folk museum through similar setting and representing concept of belonging. Holden Caulfield has trouble establishing his belonging at school, Pencey Prep. When Holden states that he did not want to join the football field match even though everyone was there. â€Å"You could see the whole field from there, and you could see the two teams bashing each other all over the place.† This show Holden choice to not go, he chooses to alienate himself from the crowd, watching people instead of connecting with them. He rejects the conformity of the system: the manufactured school spirit that expects everyone to support the school football team. In contrast to Peter Skynecki â€Å"The Folk Museum’ when Holden was at the museum, he is able to establish a connection with the relics through his memory. The view of never changing is something that is not possible as people will have to grow up and as a result will have different goals. â€Å"The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was†. It shows that Holden chooses to belong to the museum as he is able to remember that there are no changes to the museum. The sense of familiarity of where you know where everything goes shows his sense of belonging. Holden reason for being able to connect to the museum is that it never changes. The museum is like a sanctuary for Holden, as time does not seem to affect the museum. In conclusion by showing individuals that do not belong to a community or a group, it depicts that it is inherent for people to realise the significant impact on individual that do find their own sense of belonging, and are able to belong to a community or a group, as presented by Peter Skrynecki of Immigrant chronicles, J.D. Salinger Catcher in the Rye and The related text.

Modernity In Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernity In Criminology - Essay Example These substantive and procedural reforms have converted the historical ideal of the juvenile court as a welfare agency into a quasi-penal system that provides young offenders with neither therapy nor justice. The positivists who created the juvenile court conceived of it as an informal welfare system in which judges made dispositions in the "best interests" of the child. In 1967 the Supreme Court in In re Gault granted juveniles some constitutional procedural rights in delinquency hearings and provided the impetus to modify juvenile courts' procedures, jurisdiction, and purposes. (Feld, 1999, 24-25) The ensuing procedural and substantive convergence between juvenile and criminal courts eliminated virtually all the conceptual and operational differences in strategies of social control for youths and adults. Even proponents reluctantly acknowledge that juvenile courts often fail either to save children or to reduce youth crime. In short, the contemporary juvenile court constitutes a conceptually and administratively bankrupt institution with neither a rationale nor a justification. According to Paul (2002, 69-70) social structural and cultural changes fostered both the initial creation and contemporary transformation of the juvenile court. Ideological changes in cultural conceptions of children and in strategies of social control during the nineteenth century led positivists to create the juvenile court in 1899. ... s combined new theories of criminality, such as positivism, with new ideas about childhood and adolescence to construct a social welfare alternative to criminal courts. They designed juvenile courts to respond flexibly to youths' criminal and non-criminal misconduct, to assimilate and integrate poor and immigrant children, and to expand control and supervision of young people and their families. (Tanenhaus, 2004, 111-112) The juvenile court positivists removed children from the criminal justice and corrections systems, provided them with individualized treatment in a separate system, and substituted a scientific and preventive alternative to the criminal law's punitive policies. By separating children from adults and providing a rehabilitative alternative to punishment, juvenile courts also rejected criminal law's jurisprudence and its procedural safeguards, such as juries and lawyers. Juvenile courts' flexible and discretionary strategies enabled its personnel to differentiate and discriminate between their own children and "other people's children," those of the poor and immigrants. (Duffy, 2004, 39) A century later, social structural changes have modified the cultural conceptions of young people and the strategies of social control that juvenile courts employ. These changes leave the juvenile court, as an institution, searching for a new policy foundation and legal rationale. (Kittrie, 2000, 156-157) Since Gault, social structural, demographic, and legal changes have altered dramatically juvenile courts' structure and functions, the characteristics of their clientele, and the crime and social welfare issues that they confront. The social construction of adolescence as a developmental stage distinct from adulthood and new sensibilities about children began to pose

Robinson Crusoe (Close reading) REBIRTH AND DELIVERANCE Research Paper

Robinson Crusoe (Close reading) REBIRTH AND DELIVERANCE - Research Paper Example A matter-of-factly attitude attests to much of the aloof charm and consequent pleasurable reading of the book. There are little to no embellishments that make for an almost autobiographical account of it. The reader is acquainted and intimated to the character and all of his struggles and personal conflicts that are revealed in further reading of Daniel Defoe’s classic tale. The theme of cannibalism in the book gives a mental image to the cultural reality that was evident years ago and quite possibly still at play at some remote barbaric villages unheard of. This first appeared in the book when he was offered by some villagers he came across with. â€Å"They offered me some of the flesh, which I declined, pointing out that I would give it them; but made signs for the skin, which they gave me very freely, and brought me a great deal more of their provisions, which, though I did not understand, yet I accepted† (Defoe, p.48). The idea of eating another human being’s flesh is repulsive to say the least. This is something that no normal and civilized person would ever be capacitated to do. This is one of the most stimulating imagery and ultimately reality that Defoe depicted in his telling of the story of â€Å"Robinson Crusoe.† It may not be pleasing by all means but that doesn’t make it untrue. Eating another person whether he is already dead or not would make anyone convulse at the very thought. This is the kind of plot that suspense and horror films are made of. But â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† is neither a suspense thriller nor a horror film, it rings true not just because of the literal connotation it presents but also because of its figurative meaning. Surely there is much barbarity into consuming a person while he was still alive to than when he is already dead. A person who is still filled with emotions and feelings eaten alive by his fellows. Cannibalism is caused by a lack of food

Branding and International Advertising Term Paper

Branding and International Advertising - Term Paper Example For branding to be efficacious, the wants and the needs of the consumer have to be kept in mind (AAKER, 1993, p. 32). There is a variety of objectives achieved via branding: motivation of the buyer, user loyalty is concreted, credibility is confirmed, the message is delivered clearly, and the target forecasts are connected emotionally. In marketing communication, it is referred to as a foundational piece. The goal for branding is to attain the long-term competitive advantage hence it is both a marketing and financial concept. It is more of a qualitative term rather than the thought of it as being related to the product thus it is immaterial. It is an idea that is altering and translates the tangible to something that is of value. The old notion of marketing involving the product has been outdone by the fact that the brand name has taken over the market. Basically, marketing relies on the brand name. The brand name wins over the loyalty of customers in a market. An illustration: custo mers who are loyal to products from Unilever are deemed to buy any product as long as the manufacturer is Unilever. This is showed the extent to which the brand name has an effect on the customers and in the marketing sector. Research has it that brand is more than a logo or a name, but it is the relationship with a customer. A brand name conveys a variety of ideas, possibly: a thought, emotion, mind, heart, feeling, a phrase, or a word. This depends on what is to be communicated to the customers (Dunn, 2004, p. 10). The mind and the heart of a customer get what the marketers want them to get via the branding name. People may buy brands based on image, awareness, knowledge, experience, trust, perception, feelings, and perceived quality. International advertising involves conveying the message to target audiences in different countries. Audiences of target differ from country to another depending on their response to emotional appeals or humor, interpretation and perception of signs and symbols, the language is spoken and the literacy levels too.  Ã‚  

Technology and International Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Technology and International Development - Essay Example This paper discusses Maasai community’s social, economic, and political challenges in their endeavour to maintain their culture. According to Akubue, Great disparities exists in the level of developments that any suggestion of inflexibility in technology will not be practical (Akubue, 2000). Maasai community are still holding on to their cultures despite the advancement in technology, better and environmentally friendly farming techniques, and changes in the weather patterns. The Maasai community have a small population (approximately 800,000) of the people in Kenya and Northern Tanzania. They are indigenous Nilotic ethnic group, who live a nomadic pastoralist lifestyle. For centuries, Maasai community has lived harmoniously with nature, engaging in pastoralism for subsistence. The men in this community are warriors and herders who move with the cattle from place to place in search of pasture. Their movement depend with presence of pasture, which makes them move to the lowlands in high season and to the highlands in dry seasons. The women and the children live in the homesteads as they engage in small-scale farming to supplement the animal products. The Masaai economic activity is based on biological assets, which are vulnerable to weather and other conditions. Therefore, the Maasai community engage in unstable economy. The problems of the Maasai community started way back in colonial era when they lost approximately 75% of their ancestral lands as a result of protection of Mau forest, which is an ecosystem supporting many lives. They lost the pastures they would use in dry seasons and their sacred sites too. Due to lack of proper grazing lands, Maasai community faces great loss of animals in every dry season. The dry seasons depleted their resources greatly leaving them in hard economic times. The threat on Maasai land is still on as private developers are moving in and investing on Maasai’s pastoral lands. Their economic

Barack Obama and Mitt Romney Approach towards Problem Solving Essay

Barack Obama and Mitt Romney Approach towards Problem Solving - Essay Example Barrack Obama, the current president of US who was elected on 4th November, 2008 has democratic political approach. As the U.S economy is the biggest issue, he has put forward the plans of tax measures to overcome this major issue of the state. Barrack Obama believes in investing in the educational sectors and infrastructure to heal the problem of U.S economy. His approach towards this problem is to improve the humanity of his country at every level to overcome the economic issue. At the time of taking the office, Barrack Obama faced recession of economy in the shape of 700,000 jobs being lost every month. He applied his America’s Recovery and Reinvestment Act, in which the first step was to finish the taxes on the undersized business. Following this, he purposed an act of cutting the taxes on the 95% of the local families and other activities as well. In the course of May 2012, under the presidency of Barrack Obama, the U.S. economy increased in the shape of 4.3million privat e sector jobs with a consecutive rate on the monthly basis (Romney). On the other hand, Mitt Romney thinks that the Government should cut down the taxes and let the private sector stay free to overcome the economical problem. Romney is experienced in private sector and has traditional ideas towards the economical problems of U.S. Mitt Romney plans to rebuild the economy of U.S. by enterprises and the hard work at the employment level.

Product Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Product Design - Essay Example In addition, it can also offer a unique stance in a highly competitive world (Slack 2006). The compass of design is substantial, covering graphic communications to integrated systems and then from information technology to urban environments. While globally it is described as the formation and development of all man-made products; it is fundamentally perceived as a device for improving the quality of life (Taschen 2001). Designers are not futurologists; however, they have to be in line with clearly identifying the relationships of the past, present and future as well as the prospective effects of political, social, and emotional impacts of the environment for them to create objects that would become a desirable product. They may carry this out by means of giving it the semblance of acquired improved functionality. Moreover, the added cultural value or further processes in the design or production create an amplified demand for a product (Slack 2006). Product design is a general term for the conception of an object that stems from design ideas which is manifested in the form of sketches, drawings, models or prototypes. This then can stretch into the production, logistics, and marketing the conceptualised objects. Products are designed with particular considerations valued by the designer, client, or end user that are then communicated through the products’ purchase and use (Slack 2006). It is a crucial facet of the method of product development and innovation; nonetheless, its success lies on the management practices though are no standard agreement in general as to what specific activities the management involves (Chiva-GÃ ³mez et al 2004). Great design is intentional and calculated. It put together real product modernisation with bona fide brand expression to come up with an ideal user experience. Balancing to strike is not an easy task nonetheless it is the art generally applied to attain a

Adam Smith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Adam Smith - Essay Example Advantages of division of labor can be seen in large organizations that have various branches and finally the branches incorporate into one bigger organization. Each branch has its own set of activities that it works on and has perfected. For instance, in a manufacturing organization there could be branches such as finance, production, sales, and marketing among others. Combination of all these branches makes one large organization and bringing together activities from the various branches gives better performance than if these tasks were to be conducted by one body. In his example about pin making, Smith argues that division of labor yields better results that non specialization (Smith, 2007, p. 3). This implies that division of labor is certainly an important aspect in increasing production levels in an organization. Actually, division of labor yields multiples than what would have been produced without division of labor. Combinations of the results presented from division of labor are seemingly unachievable if each person carried out the entire process alone. Borrowing from Smith’s example of pin making, it is evident that sometimes production of one person may not even yield one complete production of a pin per day. The efficiency and change brought about by division of labor is amazing. Increasing number of branches within an organization raises the chances of more production. This implies that breaking down a large organization into various stand-alone branches adds efficiency and consequently increased production. Evidently, countries that have adopted division of labor are more productive. Each person in the society has specific tasks and upon bringing the various different tasks together, the total production of the country is great. For instance, areas with huge chunks of land are used specifically for farming and the people around those areas only dwell in

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE GLOBAL TOURISM INDUSTRY - Term Paper Example Not only has transportation advanced but also the capacity of many people to buy cars due to more compensated holiday and passive income. This increase in consumers’ income was apparently a positive development for tourism. Moreover, the invention of the Internet and other computer technologies made the booking system easier (Sharpley 2006). For instance, the global distribution systems (GCDs) were recognised in the 1980s as a computer reservation technology (Singh 2008). However, this advances in technology depressed the traditional operations of the travel and tourism industry as well as the importance of human travel agents. The benefits of these developments to the industry are hence relative to one’s point of view. A general differentiation is usually made between the different specialisations of tour operators: first is mass-market or mainstream, and second is specialist or niche. Mass-market or mainstream tour operators, such as My Travel, TUI UK, First Choice, etc., are those that create a substantial fraction of their revenue by selling a popular product such as the 4S product (sex, sand, sea, and sun) to a broad market segment. On the other hand, niche or specialist tour operators serve a smaller market segment with frequently highly specialised products. In an effort to thrive in a highly competitive environment of tourism, tour operators, specifically small independent ones, are incessantly searching for niche markets to develop. From the point of view of the customer, with less leisure time and more severe stress, services offered by tour operators are important for maximising valuable time. Moreover, the operator gains better transactions from the producers by buying in bulk, which enables them to bid low prices for the whole produce and/or service, which are quite difficult to acquire by the individual customer. Due to these factors, price and time, the services of tour

Right to Education Act Essay Example for Free

Right to Education Act Essay What is the act about? * Every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the right to free and compulsory education. This is stated as per the 86th Constitution Amendment Act added Article 21A. The right to education act seeks to give effect to this amendment * The government schools shall provide free education to all the children and the schools will be managed by school management committees (SMC). Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the children in their schools without any fee. * The National Commission for Elementary Education shall be constituted tomonitor all aspects of elementary education including quality.| | - History The present Act has its history in the drafting of the Indian constitution at the time of Independence[5] but are more specifically to the Constitutional Amendment that included the Article 21A in the Indian constitution making Education a fundamental Right. This amendment, however, specified the need for a legislation to describe the mode of implementation of the same which necessitated the drafting of a separate Education Bill. The rough draft of the bill was composed in year 2005. It received much opposition due to its mandatory provision to provide 25% reservation for disadvantaged children in private schools. The sub-committee of the Central Advisory Board of Education which prepared the draft Bill held this provision as a significant prerequisite for creating a democratic and egalitarian society. Indian Law commission had initially proposed 50% reservation for disadvantaged students in private schools. Provisions Of The Act * Children to be admitted to ‘age- appropriate’ class and they have the right to receive ‘special training’ to come at par with other children. * Ensure ‘good quality’ elementary education. * Aided and private schools: 25% reservation for weaker disadvantaged children. * Ensure that children from weaker and disadvantaged group are not discriminated against * Schools to get reimbursement for this expenditure. * Govt. may provide free pre-school education. * 25% reservation for weaker/ disadvantaged children applies here as well. * No capitation fee/ screening procedure for child or parents. * No child can be held back or expelled from school * No physical punishment/ mental harassment of children   * Teachers: Minimum qualifications needed. Assess learning ability of each child and regularly meet parents * School Management Committee-   * with 3/4th parents/ guardians Half the members should be women Why is the act significant and what does it mean for India? The passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act 2009 marks a historic moment for the children of India. This Act serves as a building block to ensure that every child has his or herright (as an entitlement) to get a quality elementary education, and that the State, with the help of families and communities, fulfils this obligation. Few countries in the world have such a national provision to ensure both free and child-centred, child-friendly education. What is ‘Free and Compulsory Elementary Education’? All children between the ages of 6 and 14 shall have the right to free and compulsory elementary education at a neighborhood school. There is no direct (school fees) or indirect cost (uniforms, textbooks, mid-day meals, transportation) to be borne by the child or the parents to obtainelementary education. The government will provide schooling free-of-cost until a child’s elementary education is completed. What is the role envisaged for the community and parents to ensure RTE? The landmark passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act 2009 marks a historic moment for the children of India. For the first time in India’s history, children will be guaranteed their right toquality elementary education by the state with the help of families and communities. Few countries in the world have such a national provision to ensure child-centered, child-friendly education to help all children develop to their fullest potential. There were an estimated eight million six to 14 year-olds in India out-of-school in 2009. The world cannot reach its goal to have every child complete primary school by 2015 without India. Schools shall constitute School Management Committees (SMCs) comprising local authority officials, parents, guardians and teachers. The SMCs shall form School Development Plans and monitor the utilization of government grants and the whole school environment. RTE also mandates the inclusion of 50 per cent women and parents of children from disadvantaged groups in SMCs. Such community participation will be crucial to ensuring a child friendly â€Å"whole school† environment through separate toilet facilities for girls and boys and adequate attention to health, water, sanitation and hygiene issues. How does RTE promote Child-Friendly Schools? All schools must comply with infrastructure and teacher norms for an effective learning environment. Two trained teachers will be provided for every sixty students at the primary level. Teachers are required to attend school regularly and punctually, complete curriculum instruction, assess learning abilities and hold regular parent-teacher meetings. The number of teachers shall be based on the number of students rather than by grade. The state shall ensure adequate support to teachers leading to improved learning outcomes of children. The community and civil society will have an important role to play in collaboration with the SMCs to ensure school quality with equity. The state will provide the policy framework and create an enabling environment to ensure RTE becomes a reality for every child. How will RTE be financed and implemented in India? Central and state governments shall share financial responsibility for RTE. The central government shall prepare estimates of expenditures. State governments will be provided a percentage of these costs. The central government may request the Finance Commission to consider providing additional resources to a state in order to carry out the provisions of RTE. The state government shall be responsible for providing the remaining funds needed to implement. There will be a funding gap which needs to be supported by partners from civil society, development agencies, corporate organisations and citizens of the country. What are the key issues for achieving RTE? The RTE Act will be in force from 1 April. Draft Model Rules have been shared with states, which are required to formulate their state rules and have them notified as early as possible. RTE provides a ripe platform to reach the unreached, with specific provisions for disadvantaged groups, such as child labourers, migrant children, children with special needs, or those who have a â€Å"disadvantage owing to social, cultural economical, geographical, linguistic, gender or such other factor.† RTE focuses on the quality of teaching and learning, which requires accelerated efforts and substantial reforms: * Creative and sustained initiatives are crucial to train more than one million new and untrained teachers within the next five years and to reinforce the skills ofin-service teachers to ensure child-friendly education. * Families and communities also have a large role to play to ensure child-friendly education for each and every one of the estimated 190 million girls and boys inIndia who should be in elementary school today. * Disparities must be eliminated to assure quality with equity. Investing inpreschool is a key strategy in meeting goals. * Bringing eight million out-of-school children into classes at the age appropriate level with the support to stay in school and succeed poses a major challenge necessitating flexible, innovative approaches. What is the mechanism available if RTE is violated? The National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights shall review the safeguards for rights provided under this Act, investigate complaints and have the powers of a civil court in trying cases. States should constitute a State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (SCPCR) or the Right to Education Protection Authority (REPA) within six months of 1 April. Any person wishing to file a grievance must submit a written complaint to the local authority. Appeals will be decided by the SCPCR/REPA. Prosecution f offences requires the sanction of an officer authorised by the appropriate government. Substantial efforts are essential to eliminate disparities and ensure quality with equity. UNICEF will play an instrumental role in bringing together relevant stakeholders from government, civil society, teachers’ organizations, media and the celebrity world. UNICEF will mobilize partners to raise public awareness and provide a call toaction. Policy and programme design/implementation will focus on improving the access and quality education based on what works to improve results for children. UNICEF will also work with partners to strengthen national and state level monitoring bodies on RTE. Implementation * Financial Stats * Total budget alloted in next five years : 171,000 crores * Central to state sharing ratio : 65:35 * For nothern Eastern States:90:10 * However, in mid 2010, this figure was upgraded to Rs. 231,000 and the center agreed to raise its share to 68%. Market the Act * Objectively, This is a valuable product by the govt which is important to those who are not aware of it and in spite available at free of cost, they are not informed about the actual use of it. So, a strong and relevant Marketing channel is required to spread the awareness about the Act. * For this , Companies, majorly FMCG and corporate can be approached to spread awareness about the RTE through their products and other social acts. * A small portion of amount around .5% can be used to do In-house and outsource the marketing process through marketing companies. Marketing Strategies * Both Push and Pull strategy can be adapted to market about the Act. * For pull strategy, we can arrange camps in remote villages, arrange gatherings through local bodies, coordinate with NGOs to spread the Idea, use digital media and advertisement, celebrities to aware about the program. * For push strategy, adopt stringent policies like taken by China that 3rd children will not be given social rights to prevent population growth. On the same lines, Policies are needed to be enforced. * We can implement like No parent will get a job in say NREGA IF they are not sending children to school. Moreover, we can take help from Aadhar project that nobody will get privileges like subsidised food given by govt if they are not following as per act. * Organizational Hierarchy * * Like Lokpal bill, There should be a separate authority like Supreme court which is there to supervise the implementation of the act. * Bring PPP into the picture and hire well-experienced executives as mr Nandan Nilekani is chosen for adhar project. * There should be top down management from central to state level to district level to effectively look at the complete view of Implementation. * Operations * Outsourcing can be done for various process like surveying the actual no. of children illiterate, region wise density, no. of teachers, their performance and other statistics important for Analysing. * There should be a proper channel of reporting, which can be done with the help of IT from root level to top management to have a clear view of Execution. Role Of ICT * ICT-Challenges * Power deficit * PC availability per student * Updating the library * Maintenance of ICT hardware * Upgrading of software * Poor network connectivity in rural areas Conclusion * This is indeed a very Ambitious plan .So ,It needs a cooperation from all the stakeholders parents, teachers, children, Government and all the citizens to come up and take this Initiative as very crucial for Inclusive growth of India.