The West Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The West - Essay Example Most of the people who led this progress were religious Christians. This was the 15th century when huge developmental progress was driven by the Christian Europeans and this progress made the west dominate the world politically, economically, culturally and religiously. Conquering the Muslim regions in East and bringing Muslims’ technology to Europe was the biggest reason for development in west. These crusades brought especially the medical knowledge and technology into Europe which was initially the expertise of the Muslims. Aristotle and Plato were leading scientists of that era. The devastation of Baghdad in 1258 AD; the Naval Crusade and the atrocious slavery of West Africans; the attacks on Cape Bojador; the invasion of Christian armies in Spain; and, the collapse of Granada led to the downfall of the Islamic civilization which handed over its best discoveries and scientific knowledge to the west. Royal marriages linking Spain and Hapsburg in 1500; Spain becoming a globa l Christian empire; the demolition of Al-Andulus; a following Crusade against Ceduta, a Muslim trading center, in 1415; the motivation given to the Portuguese by the Church to fight against the Muslims; the Crusades of Vasco da gama in 1500s to conquer Africa and India; the creation of a New Order, Protestantism, by the Church, which made the Protestant countries displace Catholic Spain and Portugal; all of these were a chain of events leading to the dominance of the west. Europeans brought the gunpowder technology in from the Mongols and utilized it in the creation of weapons. What advantaged this were the modern trade routes of the west financed by capital owners- the Church and Jews. The development of weaponry in the west enabled it to conquer small countries and enlarge the kingdom. Western technologies and their incorporation in all countries quietly enabled the western culture and values to sneak into these

Historical Modern Connections Essay Example for Free

Historical Modern Connections Essay Nature has always been looked at as an inspiration since beginning of time by all great artists and designers. Even in the current culture/era they have always looked back to historical arts and architectures for inspiration where they adapt, model, recycle and swipe arts. An Illustrated History of the Great Paris Designers and their Creations, New York 1972 Christian Dior He was a very influential fashion designer whom all designers respect and emulate. In 1930s after World War II fashion designer Dior concentrate on women fashions, with soft shoulders, wasp waists and flowing skirts which was appropriate for the post war era. The whole design idea came from his mother which was worn in 1900s. This design suited also the political agenda. He had private presentations until his market grew bigger for the â€Å"New look† designs he had designed (Kawamura 2004, 89). In 1948 Dior opened a ready to wear boutique, launched new perfumes, prior to the Bar Suits he had made in 1947. In 1949 he opened his Couture House managed by Civil Servant Jacques Rouet. In 1954 he unveiled new direction the French Bean line or Flat look, the New look Silhouette and Seamstress. Later in the year 1953 he discovered the Haule Couture autumn/winter, and in the year 1955-56 the Y Line dress, autumn/winter. (Kawamura 2004, 112) From the life and designs of Christian Dior we discover many of fashion designers nowadays are inspired by his life activities in design of great influence in the society. Alexander McQueen 1969  He had a delighted fashion and design audience with raw presentation depicting history and anarchic politics. He’s best known for his challenging and commendable designs which have solidified his status. In 1995 he designed autumn/winter catwalks-Highland Rape. In the year 1997 he designed autumn/winter lapoupee combines, aggressive tailoring and lyrical romantiom. He also designed men’s wear brand founded in the 19th Century and Military outfits (Quinn 2002, 132) He has always collaborated with others to make his designs best outfits. Application  From the two comparable designers Alexander McQueen and Christian Dior we find that art and design has always played a roll in the development of the human race. This is not only in small areas of our lives but in each and every aspect. For instance, spring/summer 2007 Christian Dior Kimono, non-western is inspired from the early 1800s through 1970s way back in the; Edo period 1603 to 1868, Meiji period 1868 to 1912, Taisho period 1912 to 1926, Shonwa period 1926 to 1989 which are currently sold in other names in the fashion industry (Kawamura 2004, 118)  Since the World War II. There have been great innovations in the fashion designs industry due to great creativity. Most of the fashion designs in the current market revolve around historical designs and changes made are to suit the changing lifestyles in our environment. Conclusion We all accept that from the times of Christian Dior, due to adaptability fashion designs has always become versatile and enlightening, hence history has always affected our present culture, and is more appealing. In fashion and design it’s an expression of life.

Portrayal Of Muslim Women In Western Media Cultural Studies Essay

Portrayal Of Muslim Women In Western Media Cultural Studies Essay Since the last couple of decades, the subjects of Islam, the Muslim community and especially Muslim women seem to have dominated the Western media. It started with the excessive coverage of September 11, the war in Afghanistan and Iraq, the banning of the veil in Europe, to the terrorist attacks and suicide bombers in the Middle East. These are just a few images to name that the Western societies and countries have been absorbing in their daily lives, eventually forming their attitudes, perceptions and ideas about the Muslim world. It all started with Samuel P. Huntington (1997) Clash of Civilizations, according to Macdonald (2006). It was Huntington who came within reach of this problematic relationship between the East and the West. Clash of Civilizations is a part in his book that is called The Rest Vs. The West. (Macdonald, 2006). After the Cold War ended, the desire to search for a new global ideological threat has emerged to replace the collapse of Communism. Since then, it was predicted by the Westerns experts that the Western World is facing a new enemy: Islam. Macdonald (2006). Huntington notion pointed out that Islam has a noticeable contradictory vision and action to the Western ideology, ideas of liberty, and democracy. This phenomenon has been developed and spread into a discourse and got fully attention of the Westerns (United States, the United Kingdom and its allies) perceptions and its relationships towards the world of the Middle East, the Muslims and Islam. As a result of such phenomenon and ideology, the stereotypical idea that Islam and its followers are anti-democracy and anti-Western has become fixed within the minds of the Western society. (Macdonald, 2006). The acts of stereotyping persuade people to respond and behave in the same way that is both negative and prejudiced. The word Arabs is meant to portray a person from the Middle East, it also meant to portray this Arab as terrorist, ignorant, and a person that contradicts with the Western ideologies. In spite of the reality that these persons are from different countries, with varied cultures, attitudes, beliefs, and a diversity of religions, they are typify by one word Arabs. (Cheney, 1986). Several movies have been misrepresenting Arabs men and women through the years. It is has been pointed out by Cheney (1986), that Jack Shaheen, (2003), stated that 900 films done by in the American cinema showed how Arab men women and children shaped as different and threatening. Hollywood films from 1896 until today portraying Arabs as heartless, enemies, cruel, burglars, extremist in their religion, brutal murderers, and abusers of women. (Cheney, 1986). History shows that since the beginning of cinema, Hollywoods movies have been misrepresenting Arab women. Clearly, film makers did not create these images but inherited Europes pre-existing Arab stereotypes. These images have been created long ago; in the 18th and 19th centuries, European artists and writers offered fictional versions of women as bathed and submissive exotic objects. As a result, through the time, the stereotype came to be accepted as valid, becoming a permanent part of European popular culture (Cheney, 1986). In his book Reel Bad Arabs, Shaheen noticed that In Arabian Nights fantasies such as The Sheik (1921), Slave Girl (1947), and John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (1964), Arab women appear as leering out from thin veils, or as unsatisfied, disposable knick-knacks lounging on ornate cushions, scantily-clad harem maidens with bare midriffs, closeted in the palaces womens quarters and/or on display in slave markets (Shaheen, 2001:23, cited in Cheney, 1986). The stream continues in the third millennium. In Disneys remake of Around the World in Eighty Days (2004), for example, Arnold Schwarzenegger portrays Prince Hapi, a Mideast sheikh with one hundred or so wives. This means that films continue to show Arab woman as a slave for sex, even though the image of a terrorist dominated after 9/11. A research paper aimed to analyze U.S. and international newspaper articles on Arab and Muslim women from 9/11/01 till 9/11/05, in order to understand how women who wear the veil are represented in western media. It was found that Reporters rarely give women the chance to speak to look beyond the stereotype and get to know Arab women. Whether oppressed, victimized or turned into a superwoman, that woman in the news is more often not caricature of the Arab and Muslim woman in real life. Readers have not yet able to receive a consistent and accurate representation of the diverse personalities, lives and opinions of these women. (Sakr, 2004). Its been always known that TV shows influence Western people perceptions and attitudes towards various issues, especially when it comes to issues related to the Middle East and Arabs. So, most of the misperceptions towards Arab women are caused by the flow of information through TV stations. (Kaufer Al Malki 2009) According to Kaufer Al Malki (2009), on the 28th of September 2009, Oprah Winfrey hosted the Goodwill Ambassador for the UNICEF; the famous Lebanese singer Nancy Ajram on her TV show on CBS station. In that show, Winfrey referred to Lebanon as being deeply conservative and presented a documentary that shows Lebanese women veiled like the Afghani ones and compared these women with Nancys Ajram style and dance moves. With no doubt, Oprahs documentary misrepresented Lebanese women and created misconception in the minds of Western people about Lebanese women who are the most modernized women in the region. In fact, Nancy Ajram style and fashion represent a large segment of Lebanese females. Statistics show that 75% of the Lebanese women are unveiled and have freedom of dress; they have their full education that exceeds that of men with 44 % compared to 40 % of men. The media is fascinated by the portrayal of Arab women and they way they dress. According to Ahmed (1992), when it comes to portraying Muslim woman, the media in the West seems to be attentive and obsessed by the way they dress which is the veil in particular which has resulted in a great number of reactions and debates. These debates shows that the veil is perceived as a sign of cultural difference in the Western world as it differentiate Arab women from Western ones. (Ahmed, 1992). Muslim Arab woman are always badly portrayed as the shapeless and ghost women in their Islamic dress .they are really confusing the western normal people as its not their fault that what they are seeing on TV is that its the fault of the western media. The Negative stereotyping and reactionary reporting have historically symbolized coverage of Islam and Muslims and have been reflected clearly in the theory of Orientalism created by Edward Said in 1978 which states that the East and its populations are considered backward, barbaric and outsiders to Western society. (Posetty, 2008). As a result, it seems that the media helps in creating the image of the Muslim women as the oppressed other, which will lead to imprecise conclusions, stereotypes and misperceptions of these women. (Macdonald,2006). According to the Orientalist theory, when women are portrayed, they are portrayed as being oppressed, exotic, mysterious, and shy. In addition, the Western media have always been portraying Arabs as violent, stupid, and cruel people that treat women as objects and that they are marginalized in their own society, and that the East all alike in their image for the West. (Macdonald,2006). Therefore, when the Western media frames women as sexual slave and oppressed by men as they are abusing their women, beaten, and humiliated, they are being truthful as this is the image that has been always stuck in the Westerns minds. In fact, the West has been stereotyping Arab women since forever, and they didnt change their look for the Arab women till now. Photographs and French19th Century paintings represented Arab women as property, toy of men, submissive and still, dependent on a man who is the only motive for their survival. (kaufer, 2009). Terms such as the veil, the harem, female circumcision helped in the formation of such misconceptions as well as gave the impression to some of the associated images with the oppressed Muslim woman. The problem is that these perceptions have been incorrectly generalized with no differentiation. (Gwinn, 1997). This problem has made it harder for the veiled Muslim women living in the West, as they tend to suffer more from the intolerance from the way they dress, in addition, they are hardly accepted in the Western communities. (Mohanty, 2005). Arab women in immigrant communities and who are living in Western societies, are victims of these negative stereotypes and gender based media representations. As Morin (2009), noted that these women face negative media coverage that is based on cultural misconceptions and the recent political conflicts that have spoiled Arab-Western relations. As a result, Arab women in immigrant communities cannot win the fight for better media recognition while they continue to be viewed inside the limit of traditional Arab-Islamic stereotypes. (Morin, 2009). As Posetty (2008) stated in his article, in the portrayal of Muslim women, attention is frequently focused on the way they dress, with their clothing seen as a symbol of their threatening, alien status. Images of Islamic dress are increasingly used in the media as visual shorthand for dangerous extremism, and Muslims all over Europe are suffering from the consequences of such associations. The main problem as Ahmed (1992) pointed out, is that the act of veiling among Muslim women or the veil itself is often associated with the lack of traditionalism and backwardness that does not fit into the modern society and among Western women who do not need to veil (Ahmed, 1992). This phenomenon suggests that we can reach the other cultural difference and how the West is fascinated with otherness and still continues within the Western media towards the Muslim world (Ahmed, 1992). Ayish (2010) pointed out in his paper that the Western media tends to portray Arab men as aggressive and abusers of women, and that they control women. Media portray that the women is always wearing her veil, staying at home raising children and only obey her husband who she fears. Newspapers studies has showed that Western illustration of Muslim marriage issues is vague and this is because the lack of the knowledge of foreign cultures and religions One could disagree that the major issue is Islamophobia, many Western journalists, unfamiliar with Islam religion, have a tendency to view the faith as cruel, backward and the contradictory of tolerance. (Ayish, 2010). Morin (2009) stated in his research that stories investigated about Muslim women have shown that Western news reports represents women as the oppressed, mistreated wife, who is obligated to a prearranged marriage by her parents or obligated out of a marriage, and that she is helpless and voiceless in both situations. Another disproportionate as stated by Ayish (2010), Sometimes, the Arab Muslim women is represented as the money hunter, who does not think about who she marries as long as the man she is going to marry is rich enough to indulge her hunger for money. In these situations on the other hand, Arab Muslim men think with different greed, they are sexually deprived and tends to treat women as sexual objects. The men are also harsh and controlling, playing with womens feelings and threats women through oral divorce. Women are thus represented by the Western media as weak and have no rights which permit men to claim superiority (Ayish, 2010). Dominant images of the veiled Muslim woman are always covered in the Western media to present the Muslim woman as a victim as well as being oppressed. (Ahmed, 1992). The veiled of Arab Muslim women has always been misrepresented by the media as it has became a symbol of the oppression of the Muslim woman. This representation as stated by Ahmed (1992), has been highly evoked since the event of the 9/11. As noted in Posetty (2008) research paper, Alison Donnell argues that the September 11 terrorist attacks resulted in media representations of veiling as an object of mystique, exoticism and eroticism and that the veil, or headscarf, is seen as a highly visible sign of a despised difference. The oppression of Muslim women has been regularly used in Western media as suggestive of the barbaric and pre-modern characteristics of Islam. As Helen Watson comments in her article the image of the veiled Muslim woman seems to be one of the most popular Western ways of representing the problem of Islam. (Posetty, 2008). According to Ahmed (1992), the veil has become the typical symbol of womens oppression in Islam, and is perceived as it creates hostility to Westerns. In fact, the Western media has ignored the fact that veiling as a practice existed before the rise of Islam, especially in Syria and Arabia. It was also a custom among Greeks, Romans, Jews and Assyrians, and not only to Islam. At that time, the veiled Arab woman was perceived as respectable and protected. (Ahmed, 1992). However, as Ahmed (1992) pointed out, the veiled woman is usually represented as having denied pleasure, fun, or bodily self-expression. In some of the Western conceptualizations veiling is used as a means of performing femininity self-exploration and play with identity. With these rising and continuous prejudices against Muslims and, especially, Muslim women, it seems to demonstrate that there is still a huge gap, a barrier that appears to prevent a sense, approval and understanding towards the Muslim other. And by the other we mean the oppressed, the traditional-bound, the factory-worker, the poor, etc. (Macdonald,2006). As mentioned before, besides the veil, discussions of the circumcision, polygamy, the sharia (Islamic) law, the harem, forced marriages, etc, are just a few issues that have made this group of women fit into the absolute, homogenous oppressed Muslim woman category. (Macdonald,2006). As noted in Falah Nagel (2005) paper, the problem lies when these visual images tend to portray Muslim women as a stereotypical figure; an oppressed figure suffering from a harsh culture. The veil especially is the major theme that is associated with the limitations and the oppression of Muslim Arab women as it was constantly deployed and replayed again in our visually dominated culture. Falah Nagel (2005) argue that the veil is not only representing the oppressed Muslims and Muslim women world, but also the hidden assumption about the superiority of the West in relation to that world. In this case, the figure of the veiled Muslim woman that is being represented through the media, is tending to represent these women as passive victims, muted, untraditional, and oppressed, which therefore creates a cultural-ideological barrier with the Western women. Thus, the problem is that the danger that is resulted from these representations of veiled Muslim women tends to create a division bet ween Western women (as modern, liberated) and Eastern women (as backward, oppressed), while also ignoring the diversity of practices, views and experiences of these women. As Falah Nagel (2005) pointed out, it seems important that the question on how to communicate with the other who is culturally and traditionally different has become one of the most urgent and immediate agendas within North-South/West-East relations and interactions. What is needed is an understanding of this sense of urgency, gaps and barriers that links to the Westerns knowledge of the veiled Muslim woman (Falah Nagel, 2005). As a result, veiled Muslim women become muted and misrepresented. Another major feature found in the Western media especially in advertising is the imagined perspectives such as the myths and fantasies Western culture has about Islam, the Muslims, and especially, veiled Muslim women. This means that not only misconceptions and misunderstandings towards Muslim women have been continuous in modern times, but it has also became widespread and universal by the advent of modern technology. (Falah Nagel, 2005). Miladi (2010) pointed out in his research paper that modern images of Muslim women in American advertisements, argues that Western advertisers tend to spread stereotypes and the wrong representations of the veil and Muslim women in order to appeal to consumers. As a result, advertisers use certain images of Muslim women that have been historically fixed in the Western mind, such as the harem, the hammas (public baths), the mysterious veiled woman or the oppressed woman living under an oppressive ruler or men and use this to attract consumers. The veil especially is itself is considered as an enormous marketing tool, as marketers often use the veil in order to sell sex. (Miladi, 2010). The use of the oppressed women and the veil in advertisements will make the Western consumers think that by buying the advertised product as well as buying the favors of the mysterious woman behind the veil. (Miladi, 2010). The problem as stated by Miladi (2010), is that Westerners are usually buying certain products for buying these imaginary images of the other. As a result, through the continuous and repetitive collective exposition to the media, a larger collective imagination will continue to be created and produced about this image of the imaginary veiled Muslim woman other. As mentioned by Gwinn (1997), the oppressed veiled Muslim woman in the ads may also be connected to the rising prejudices and debates that surround Muslim women and the veil in the Western world. The oppressed stereotypes of Arab Muslim women as stated by Ahadi (2009), has negative impacts on those women that is very obvious. Stereotypes occur when individuals are classifieds by others as having something in common because they are members of a particular group or category of people. Media stereotyping of women as objects and helpless beings creates very low expectations for societys Arab women. As mentioned by Morin (2009), women living abroad face distinctive discriminations from the Western communities. Western women are always considered as superior to Arab Muslim women especially, the veiled ones. In fact, Arab Muslim women are being oppressed by the negative representations created by the Western media. In addition, these representations may impact on these women psychologically as Western populations perceive the veil as a barrier between them and the veiled women.

Year-Round Schooling: The Way to Go Essay -- essays papers

Year-Round Schooling: The Way to Go Many people feel that no school should have a year-round schedule because it is not right for children be in school year round. Despite this feeling, many schools have changed their schedule to a year-round one to benefit their students as well as their teachers. Year-round schooling (YRS), also know as year-round education (YRE), is a good way to better students’ education. It betters students’ education by provided more frequent breaks, and giving student opportunites to participate in inter-sessions. The first year-round school in the United States was in Bluffton, Indiana in the year 1904. The purpose of changing their schedule to a year-round one was to increase the school building capacity, student achievement, minimize summer learning loss, and provide remediation during inter-sessions. From then till 1998 and 1999, there have been over two thousand year-round schools throughout the United States, Canada, and the Pacific Region. Year-round schedules can be made up of two types of systems, a single track, and a multi-track with attendance programs or a combination the two. The single track is for the whole student body to follow the same schedule, as well as the staff. The multi-track separates the students and teachers into groups. Each group gets assigned a different track. The benefits of having multi-track programs are less overcrowding, class size reduction, and giving teachers the opportunity to work year-round (Palmer & Bemis, 1999). In addition to single track and multi-track systems there are other various types of year-round schedules. The 60-20 and 60-15, 45-15 and 45-10, and Concept 6 are the most common type. The 60-20 schedule is divided into three 60 day se... ... school calendars offer sports after school, this gives students less time to study and do homework in order to improve, or if the student studies all he or she can, they loss sleep. Having sports offered during inter-sessions gives students more time during the school sessions to study and do homework, plus giving them more time to sleep in order to help them perform better in the classroom. During the frequent breaks, or inter-sessions if teachers opt not to teach, gives them additional time to prepare better lesson plans and have more energy to teach. During the school sessions, because of the frequent breaks in year round schooling, students and teachers get less of a work load in a period of time compared to students and teachers who are in a school with a traditional calendar. This reduces the stress of those teachers and students making everybody a bit happier.

Television is unhealthy for children

Why spend life with hatred? Life is too short to have such negativity. It takes a lot of hurt, and anger, and betrayal for me to hate someone. Love and hate are two things that go hand in hand but in complete opposite ways. You can make me mad or say hurtful things and I will orgive you, but when you disappoint me and betray me over and over again is when hatred takes its place.When I think of the words love and hate I think of my father. It all began for as long as I can remember my dad always had a drinking problem. IVe never seen my father sober even till today every time I see him he has some kind of beer or alcoholic beverage in his hand. Alcoholism is a disease that my father is very sick with. He grew up with two sisters and a brother. He wasn't raised in a great household.My grandmother and grandfather got divorced when my father was about five years old but he was abused everyday by both my grandmother and grandfather. This brings me to my story. When I was about three years old my parents fought everyday about my fathers drinking problem as it progressively escalated with time. My mom worked overnights at children's hospital, while my father was supposed to be watching me and my sisters.

Enzymatic Activity of Salivary Amylase

Enzymatic Activity of Salivary Amylase Ong, Janela Rose I. ; Paguia, Maria Tricia C. ; Placente, Dax Daven A. ; Posadas, Grace Catherine A. 3Bio3-Group 8 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila 1008 Abstract This experiment aims to examine the enzymatic activity and specificity of salivary amylase depending on the changes in pH and temperature; and determine the optimum temperature and pH of the amylase. EXPERIMENTAL In the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase, 1ml saliva, 9ml distilled water and 30ml of 0. % NaCl made up the enzyme solution. One percent starch in phosphate buffer pH 6. 7 was the buffered starch. The experiment was comprised of two parts. For the first part (effect of temperature), 2 ml of the enzyme solution was placed in a large test tube and labelled as 4?. In a separate large test tube, 2 ml of the buffered starch solution was added. Both test tubes were incubated for 10 minutes in an ice bath with a tempe rature of 4?. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes, and three-drops were QUICKLY taken from the mixture. The three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the first well of a spot plate and was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval, three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was labelled as one minute. The test tube of the iodine solution should not be exposed. It should be covered with a cork and wrapped around with aluminium foil. The same step of taking three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added ith two drops of iodine solution was repeated until a light yellow-colored solution was observed. Time should be noted. The first part of the procedure was not only focused on 4? but also other temperatures such as room temperature, 37? , 50? , 60? and 70?. All temperatures were incubated at the desired incubation temperature. The reciprocal of time (1/t, min-1) was plotted versus the tempe rature (T) and the optimum temperature of the amylase was determined. For the second part (effect of pH), 1 ml of acetate buffer with ph 4 and 1 ml of 2% unbuffered starch were mixed in a large test tube. In a separate large test tube, 2ml of the enzyme solution was added. Both test tubes were incubated for 10 minutes in a 37? water bath. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes and three-drops of the mixture were QUICKLY and simultaneously added with two drops of the iodine solution onto the first well of a spot plate. This was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval, three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was labelled as one minute. The test tube of the iodine solution should not be exposed also and it should be covered with a cork and wrapped around with aluminium foil. The same step of taking three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution was repeated until a light yellow-colored solution was observed. Time should be noted. The same steps for the second part of the experiment should be followed for other pH such as 5, 6. 7, 8 and 10 — using the appropriate buffer. The reciprocal of time (1/t, min-1) was plotted versus the buffer pH and the optimum pH of the amylase was determined.

Impact of Globalisation and International Institutions on Organisations The WritePass Journal

Impact of Globalisation and International Institutions on Organisations Conclusion Impact of Globalisation and International Institutions on Organisations IntroductionUnderstand the wider implications and effects of global integration on organisation1. Globalization1.1.2 The Impact of Globalization on Business1.1.3 Market size1.1.4 Technological impact 1.1.5 Effects on Financial stability1.1.6 Trading demand:1.2 Influence of international institutions on organisations1.2.1 The role of National and International Institutions and effects  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.2.2 IMF, World Bank and Trade1.2.3 Mounting IMF Debts for Countries in Crisis1.2.4 The role of Organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD)1.2.5 The role of G20 Reviewing globalization and economic Growth1.2.6 The rise of the BRICs and the future of globalization1.3 Role and responsibility of European Union membership on the workforce1.3.1 Policies and best practices of the European Union1 .3.2 Education, Training, Youth1.3.3 Protecting, preserving and improving the world environment1.3.4 Employment and Social Affairs1.3.5. Economic stability and growth globally   1.3.6 A European Economic Recovery Plan1.3.7 Solutions at financial market and macro-economic level1.3.8 Solutions at global level  Importance of responsible corporate governance in organisations2.1 The Effective Corporate Governance2.1.1 Corporate governance2.1.2 Principles of the effective corporate governance2.1.3 The Effective Corporate Governance of BBC2.2 Regularity requirements the shapes the corporate governance2.2.1 The Operating angles of the (BBC) Globally2.2.2 Responsibilities of the effective board members2.2.3 The responsibilities of the Nominations, Audit, Committees’ (BBC)2.2.4 The responsibilities of the (external) Worldwide Executive Committee2.2.5 Accountability and Internal Control2.3 The impact of regularity requirements on corporate stakeholders’ interests in an organi sation 2.3.1 Risk management2.3.2 Controls monitoring2.3.3 Protection of Ethic’s data2.3.4 Relationship with Suppliers, Rights Holders and Producers stakeholder3.1 The Economics of adapting the policy of environmental awareness and ethical organisations ethical responsibilities of British Airways3.1.1 Introduction3.1.2 What Is Business Environment?3.2 Environmental issues of British Airways and impact on economy and necessary actions3.2.1. Climate change policy:3.2.2 Carbon emission trade against Green taxes:3.2.3 Waste and its impact on environment and actions:3.2.4 Noise, its impact and actions:3.3 Measure that exist to improve workplace and health safety practice3.3.1 European environmental legislation and developing economic conditions3.3.2 Improvement in health and safety, at work place4.1 Social, Cultural, Ethical and Moral issues at work place4.2 Diversity of the British Airways4.3.1 Leadership development4.3.2 Relationship with stakeholders4.3.3 Customers’ opin ions, recommendations and organization actionsConclusionReferences/BibliographyRelated Introduction Understand the wider implications and effects of global integration on organisation The Business advisory service is providing its best services to the local businesses. It is also fully supporting the local businesses for finding out the best solution where ever it is required. The challenging task, which is to identify the impact of globalization, its effects on national economy and influence of the national and international institutions, further more how, the European Union is battling and providing the best plat form to the European community to build the economy and best practices in European institutions. These all above mentioned important features and factors are about to be discussed, in appropriate sequence forms. 1. Globalization Globalization has become a smart concept in the social sciences, a core statement the prescription of specialists in management, and catch phrase for journalists and politician of every stripe. It is widely asserted that to live in the era in which the great part of social life is determined by global processes, in which national culture, national economics and national borders are dissolving. Central to this perception is the concept of a rapid and recent process of economic globalization (Paul, h and Grahame, T. 1996, p. 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Figure: 1 [Source]:   (Impact of globalization, 2010) 1.1.2 The Impact of Globalization on Business According to (Myatt, 2006) Chief Strategy Officer, N2grwoth, who had the opportunity to transact business in various parts of Asia, the Middle East, Canada, Central and Latin America, Russia and former Eastern Bloc countries, India, and the European Community. Conducting business on a global basis has always been of great personal interest.   However, the days of doing business abroad are no longer a luxury. The ability to conduct business internationally is an absolute necessity if to remain competitive in today’s marketplace. Who has described in comprehensive manners in following series, (Myatt, 2006). 1.1.3 Market size In present era marketplace/size, conducting business worldwide is both defensive and offensive play.   In examining the upside of going global, consider the complete size of national and international markets and could likely be found that the most of the potential customers live across the world, So even if double, triple, revenue of the business (Myatt, 2006). Now assume the downside of not going global, if company is not monitoring those customers competition will be, they will not only take a first mover’s benefits of holding customer loyalty, brand recognition, but they will also tow-chain key partners and distribution agreements. As consumers continue to become more demanding and the world economy continues to flatten, there will soon be an expectation that you be able to serve multiple markets in a perfect and smooth fashion. Being a slow operation in the present era could eventually bring lost business (Myatt, 2006). Example: Indeed globalization is being experienced at present arguably became most recognizable with the end of the cold war, and have   continued their fast move with the development of third world countries and other emerging markets, establishment of free trade agreements like China andNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Myatt, 2006). 1.1.4 Technological impact The advance development of   Internet and other   source of communications, the growing multi-national indentation of business, the emergence of the European Community, the maintaining impact of the Euro on global currency markets, as well as the increased liquidity of more frequently and efficient capital markets (Myatt, 2006). â€Å"The above referenced worldwide macroeconomic maturation, more commonly referred to today as â€Å"Globalization,† has served to stabilize business and financial markets in such a dramatic fashion that many industry pundits have yet to reach an understanding of the depth and breadth of the impact, it has had on lowering political, financial, and economic volatility† (Myatt, 2006). 1.1.5 Effects on Financial stability If taking in to account the stabilizing factor, globalization has had on the world economy. Presently recession had great effects on trade downfall, oil pricing,  down condition of markets, housing crisis, and overall cost of living  could be challenging more than it is. Conventional economic theory would suggest that with many of the negative economic metrics in play today, interest rate environment could more closely resemble that of 1980 In fact, when the United States went through the Great Depression it was largely a result of having an isolated economy.   This would show foreign investment from the G7, and countries like China, Japan, and Dubai  would see it as an opportunity to affordably, acquire interests in United States companies (Myatt, 2006). Example: â€Å"Emerging, markets in Eastern Europe, India, Latin America, China and the rest of Asia present scenarios for higher growth, even on a risk-adjusted basis. On an aggregate basis, the statistics are impressive. For example, currently 80 percent of the world’s population accounts for 20 percent of world GDP. By 2015, 50 percent of world GDP will be accounted for by emerging markets† (Myatt, 2006). 1.1.6 Trading demand: The economic progress, as well as the existing global companies that bring employment oriented around intelligent and knowledgeable capital, is creating demand for modern, western style commercial real estate infrastructure, Core assets such as office, industry, retail, multi-family, etc (Myatt, 2006). 1.2 Influence of international institutions on organisations 1.2.1 The role of National and International Institutions and effects  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Almost every major national or international commercial business relies on subsidiaries or strategic alliances to obtain a comparable degree of influence and flexibility. As one measure of their scale, almost a third of total international trade now occurs exclusively within these multinational businesses. With the arrival of such global firms, international conflict has, to some extent, moved from nations to these firms, with the battle no longer among nations over territory but rather among firms over their share of world markets (Intriligator,2006,p. 25). Figure: 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Source]:   (The European Union, 2008) 1.2.2 IMF, World Bank and Trade The failure of the IMF, World Bank and WTO to represent and further the interests of the developing world, through their one-size-fits-all approach, has led to the collapse of trade negations, widespread criticism of their effectiveness, and bitter international protest. Many countries are rejecting the neoliberal ideologies of the ‘unholy trinity’ with intensifying calls for their reform or decommissioning (Share the world resources, 2011). 1.2.3 Mounting IMF Debts for Countries in Crisis The global economic crisis in 2009, which came on the heels of a food and fuel crises in 2008, forced many low-income countries to take on new debt through no fault of their own. The growing climate crises, which were once again originated in the global North, also disproportionately affects the world’s poorest countries, and has resulted in new debt as countries borrow to prepare for and recover from climate-related disasters (Gurrà ­a,2006). In the wake of the global economic crisis, the G20 acknowledged the impact of these crises on poor countries and directed the international financial institutions to create better mechanisms to assist poor countries cope with such exogenous shocks. The World Bank’s International 1.2.4 The role of Organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) The role of the OECD is to play in managing globalization – understanding it, explaining it, analyzing its effects, and making policy recommendations to maximize its benefits and to tackle its challenges. Another key aspect of the OECD today is the globalization of own activities, as it works with 70 non-member economies in particular the so-called BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (Gurrà ­a,2006). Figure: 3 [Source]: (OECD, 2011) The last aspect role is to explain globalization. As to increase public concern about the process, and experience the negative side of globalization. One of the great challenges for the policy agenda for reaping the full benefits of globalization is the so-called political economy of reform.   How can governments implement the necessary reforms?   In many countries, well-designed reforms have failed to be implemented or sustained due to the near-term political costs that they entail, and the fact that opponents are vocal and well-organised while benefits tend to be more diffuse and delayed (Gurrà ­a,2006) 1.2.5 The role of G20 Reviewing globalization and economic Growth â€Å"A New Agenda for the G20 (September 23, 2009) One definition of crisis is â€Å"turning point,† and that is where we find the global economy in September 2009 as G20 leaders assemble in Pittsburgh†. This seems to be that G20 would play outstanding role to have grip on global recession. It has delivered a four-part agenda to overcome on to the recession.   It is focusing on the following agenda, which might be helpful to give new economic platform, like business, academic world and the policy community- offer their visions of how the G20 nations can put efforts together work together to renew globalization and economic growth in critical situation. Sources of growth and the role of innovation, the role of financial regulation, trade in restoring growth and Educating, a workforce for the existing century’s economy, Social and political, challenges of renewing globalization† (Atlantic Council, 2011). The connections among these big issues are complicated. However, G20 is continuously struggling with its holistic approach. Moreover, global has great expectations produce positive results in economic progress (Atlantic Council, 2011). 1.2.6 The rise of the BRICs and the future of globalization This is very important to high light the importance of four major countries, in economic growth of the globalization that are Brazil, Russia, India and China. Although there is lot of distance among these countries but due technological era, there is hardly gap among them. These countries are rich from human skills and natural and technological resources. China and India are marching very smartly with self-determination, self-confidence and having vision to be the first in the world matter of concerned, as china is second and India is fourth or fifth largest countries in the world economies. Likewise, if Brazil and Russia honor with few other emerging economies such as South Africa, and large share of the world’s population and a growing share of the world’s economic activity (Dehejia, 2010). Western countries are considering that BRICs may cause of declination of west but this is not the case, reason being the increased international integration through business and fi nance, would be very fruitful by working mutually (Dehejia, 2010). 1.3 Role and responsibility of European Union membership on the workforce 1.3.1 Policies and best practices of the European Union The  European  Union is a collaborative effort between 27  European  countries to form a mutually beneficial economic and policy community. Since 1993, the EU has worked to increase economies and spread human rights  advances worldwide. The goals of the  European Union  include uniting Europe toward common goals and providing aid to developing nations,  (conjecture corporation2003 – 2011). The European Union member countries have authorized some of authorities in some policy area, fisheries, culture, which can be seen in the following shape for the better improvement and change  Ã‚   (Europa, 2011). 1.3.2 Education, Training, Youth Top-quality education and training are vital if Europe is to develop as a knowledge society and compete effectively in the globalizing world economy. Education policy as such is decided by each EU country, but together they set common goals and share best practices. In addition, the EU funds numerous programs allowing its citizens to make the most of their personal development and the EU’s economic potential by studying, training or doing voluntary work in other countries (Europe, 2011). 1.3.3 Protecting, preserving and improving the world environment â€Å"The European Union is considered to be the unique environment standards in the world, developed over the long time to address a wide range of issues. The priorities are fighting against the climate change, preserving biodiversity, reducing health problems from pollution and using natural resources more responsibly. While aimed at protecting the environment, these goals can contribute to economic growth by fostering innovation and enterprise† (Europa, 2011). 1.3.4 Employment and Social Affairs â€Å"In the era of this new economy are based on lot of knowledge rather than raw materials or physical labor. To do well in the competition from new rising economies, Europe must create the jobs needed by a dynamic, knowledge-based society. This requires investments in education and in science, as well as in employment policies geared to keep up with the pace of change and see the EU through the global economic crisis. EU countries work closely together to meet these challenges, sharing objectives and policies which are mutually supportive† (Europa, 2011). 1.3.5. Economic stability and growth globally   â€Å"Within a single market and major trading bloc like the EU, it makes good sense to coordinate national economic policies. This enables the EU to act rapidly and coherently when faced with economic challenges such as the current economic and financial crises. Sixteen countries have pushed coordination even further by adopting the euro as their currency† (Europa, 2011). 1.3.6 A European Economic Recovery Plan Since in the mid of 2008, the occurrence of recession, European Union has been engaged itself with an economic recovery plan aimed at proposing both European and global solutions. On one side, the plan proposes short period action at the level of businesses, individual and banks. On the other side, it aims, in the longer period, to develop a clean economy with low carbon dioxide emission that is capable of boosting up the future growth (Europa, 2011). The European Economic Recovery Plan is a response to the global economic crisis that affected the actual economy in 2008. It sets out the large lines of a coordinated European approach, which involves: Quickly, inspiring, demand; Supporting the most susceptible people, affected by the economic downfall; Europe to take star in t competitive leg; Taking advantage of this period of disruption, in order to make faster the establishment of a cleaner economy, with more worries, for the environment (Europa, 2011). The European Commission proposes that Member States and the European Union agree on an immediate budgetary impetus amounting to EUR 200 -13824. The plan is intend to operate at both European and global platform (Europa, 2011). 1.3.7 Solutions at financial market and macro-economic level The instability in the financial markets triggers the crisis in the real economy. It is important that the banks should re-focus on their primary activities of providing liquidity and supporting investment in the real economy. The European investment Bank will increase its yearly interventions guidelines in the European Union by some EUR 15 billion in the form of loans, impartial, guarantees and risk-management method financing, as well as investment from private sources (Europa, 2011). Expenditures policy will have a role to play in steadfast economies and stable demand. This recovery will take place within the framework of the Stability and Growth Pact and the priorities of the Lisbon Strategy (Europa, 2011). 1.3.8 Solutions at global level The Plan aims to reinforce collaboration between the European Union and its internationalpartners in economic and climate matters. The European Union must also maintain its  commitments to developing countries  in the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), in particular by developing new instruments to help those countries deal with the direct consequences of the crisis whilst maintaining sustainable development (Europa, 2011).   Importance of responsible corporate governance in organisations 2.1 The Effective Corporate Governance The assigned task being the compliance manger at British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), there are certain responsibilities that are to be full-filled with their all-respective dimensions. The efforts have been made to make sure the Board of corporate governance is performing effectively and bringing the BBC the best organisation in global. The efforts again been put forward to look deeply into the area of improvement and make sure the board is fully aware of their roles and responsibilities. The focus would be on purpose, board responsibility, transparency, objectives, integrity, ethical behavior, organizational culture, stakeholders’ interest, and controls of the effective governance and best practices. These all above-mentioned factors are likely to discuss and can be the best turning point for the bitterness of British Broadcastings Corporation. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) counted, to be the largest organization on the global platform. The organization is th e public service broadcasters, which provide the worldwide broadcast service on radio and satellite (BBC, 2011). 2.1.1 Corporate governance Corporate governance is the easement, which refers at large level to the rules, policies, procedures, system and laws by which, businesses are run effectively and controlled. The expression can refer to micro factors defined by the officers concern or compliance manager, stockholders of the corporation, as well as to macro forces such as consumer groups, clients, and government regulations like local council, pressure groups etc. In year recent, corporate governance has increased its attention because of high-profile outrage, involving abuse of corporate power and, in some cases, alleged illegal activity by corporate officer (Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). Source: (rsm.aajassociates.com.2011) 2.1.2 Principles of the effective corporate governance However, to observe the effective corporate governance is essential to practice the certain principles. Develop the capacity and usefulness of the governing body. Agreed and encourage value, hold talks with stakeholders. Be fair and impartial defending the people’s rights. Conduct yourself as ethical citizen.   Set strategic purpose and best results. Spot out and manage threat. Make transform and clear decisions. Observe performance. Keep every-thing open so that accountability is effective. Act in accordance with law. Describe roles and responsibilities (Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011) Example: effective corporate governance The 1992 Cadbury Report include a policy of Best to do for companies. It is build for the Principles of accountability, goodness  and clearness. These principles, along with the concept of impartiality, became the yardstick for good corporate governance. It is corporate by public sector. From these basics, other organizations have developed their own ideas of what superior corporate governance looks like (Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). Example: The effective, practices of corporate governance. Development organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) has earned the worldwide credit as an international yardstick for good corporate governance (Donald, 2004, P.17) 2.1.3 The Effective Corporate Governance of BBC Corporate Governance within BBC, is being run by desire to support and guard the values,   At the spirit of the BBC brand,  both in the United kingdom and globally, and details of BBC values are set out in the How it does business  segment. Mutually with the facts that are a company entirely owned by a public body, this means that BBC has a unique and comprehensive governance structure. However, In September 2009, the BBC Trust published the results of the Commercial Review of BBC’s global activities.   Among the conclusions was a requirement that BBC glob ally’s governance structure should be review to provide greater transparency and compliance with the collective rules. Besides, BBC also exercising the principles contained within the Royal Charter of July 2006, which is the constitutional basis for the BBC (BBC Annual reviews, 2009). This section looks at both corporate and commercial governance structures and implementation 2.2 Regularity requirements the shapes the corporate governance 2.2.1 The Operating angles of the (BBC) Globally However, the Chairman leads the Board, setting its plan and ensuring that each Director is able to deliver effective decision-making. The Chairman is not involved in the routine business of the BBC Worldwide Group of companies (the Group). The Chief Executive holds day-to-day management responsibility for the Groups businesses, forming and implementing Group tactic, as settled by the Board. This forming of responsibilities between the Chairman and Chief Executive has been set out in writing and agreed by the Board. 2.2.2 Responsibilities of the effective board members The responsibilities of BBC’s Board embarked in the Matters kept back for the Board and briefly encompass. Surroundings the strategic courses of actions of the business growth map. To forming up the annual business plan, Supervising the commercial performance and business motions. Estimating the performance through a range of financial tools like, the annual budget, monthly management an account, quarterly re-forecasts and the growth plan. Suggest the sharing policy to the shareholder. Keep up internal controls and risk-management processes .developing and maintaining a supportive relationship with the shareholder (Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, 2011). 2.2.3 The responsibilities of the Nominations, Audit, Committees’ (BBC) These are embark in continuously reviewing the structure, size and risk management, required of the Board and making recommendations to the Board on any suitable changes, Planning the sequence of Directors and other senior executives. Spot out and nominating, for the Boards approval, applicant to fill board vacancies.The Audit Committee is responsible set out in its terms of reference and includes; observing the reliability of the financial statements including serious accounting course of action and performance. Reviewing the effectiveness of system in place for identifying and mitigating emerging risks facing the business assessing the effectiveness of systems for internal control and reporting (BBC, 2010). 2.2.4 The responsibilities of the (external) Worldwide Executive Committee These areset out in its terms of reference and include; managing operational matters delegated to it by the Board, within clearly defined approval limits. Aging the operations of the company. Devising and implementing strategy agreed by the Board. Identification, and management of risk, and providing assurance to the Board (BBC annual review, 2010). 2.2.5 Accountability and Internal Control The BBC Worldwide Board has overall responsibility for maintaining an adequate system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. Such a system is designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss is currently being rolled out to ensure that all trading businesses comply with local laws and regulations (BBC, 2010). 2.3 The impact of regularity requirements on corporate stakeholders’ interests in an organisation 2.3.1 Risk management The Board has responsibility for the identification and management of risks facing the business. An assessment of the exposure to risk, and the extent to which these risks are controlled, including implementation of actions to mitigate risk is updated and presented to the Audit Committee every three months. Each operating unit and major region monitors risks on an ongoing basis, providing their assessments to the Risk Management and Internal Control Committee (RMIC) quarterly   (reporting (BBC, 2010). 2.3.2 Controls monitoring The BBCs Business Assurance department provides an internal audit function in respect of BBC Worldwide on behalf of the BBC. The audit plan is based on a continuing assessment of key risks and monitoring compliance of key systems and processes and is approved by the Audit Committee. The results of testing reported at each meeting of the Audit Committee, which scrutinizes the operation of controls throughout the year. BBC Business Assurances authority and independence ensured by its joint independent reporting relationship to the BBCs Executive Audit Committee and to the BBCs Director-General. The scope of BBC Business Assurance includes the examination and evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the systems of internal control and the quality of performance in carrying out assigned responsibilities. BBC Worldwide also calls on BBC Business Assurance and external accounting firms for advice on internal controls and programmed governance as needed (BBC, 2010). 2.3.3 Protection of Ethic’s data BBC Worldwide is putting their efforts, respect the confidentiality of its customers, listeners, workers and contributors. As part of the BBCs data-protection compliance structure, BBC Worldwide is committed to holding personal data in accordance with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998. Where BBC Worldwide operates in jurisdictions outside the UK, it may also be subject to the additional requirements of local laws needed (BBC, 2010). 2.3.4 Relationship with Suppliers, Rights Holders and Producers stakeholder The BBC Worldwide team is trying its best to ensure that goods and services are gained in a fair way with a clear emphasis on risk management, quality, service, cost and improvement. In addition, BBC takes with critical and strategic suppliers to drive a constant improvement program that ensures security of supply whilst maintaining Total Cost of Ownership Approach in sourcing decisions (BBC, 2010). 3.1 The Economics of adapting the policy of environmental awareness and ethical organisations ethical responsibilities of British Airways 3.1.1 Introduction Being a senior manager of British Airway, is the sole responsibility for preparing the best article, in which the efforts, are put together to discuss the important issues related to the organization. In this article, the major issues to be brought, into consideration like, climatic change, biodiversity, carbon emission, environmental degradation, overpopulation, pollution, corporate responsibilities, and organization’s policies according to legal legislation. Moreover, The European Union and United Kingdom environmental legislations, the social, cultural, ethical and moral issues will also remain under discussion. 3.1.2 What Is Business Environment? It is the combination of two words business and environment. The word business means the human being works or makes actions to earn, produce, and buy or sale the good. On other, hand the word environment means surroundings. Therefore, this would not be wrong to say that economical, legal, social, and institutional, which beyond the control in nature and have impacts and effects on the functioning of the business organization. There are two types of environment microenvironment and macro environment. Micro deals with internal environment of the organization, like manpower, material, capital, and management etc. whilst macro environment acts as external, which is not under control of the organization, Such as political, sociological, demographical and Government rule and regulations (The Gemini Geek, 2011). Moreover, marketplace support would involve the customers and suppliers in same goal, to encourage and dedication to corporate responsibility and will help British airways to build a more sustainable big business (European Union, 2011). [Source]: (Computer Sciences Corporation, 2011) The British Airways established in august 25th 1919, with name of Aircraft transport and travel limited. British Airways  is the UKs largest leading international airline, providing flight services, about 550, different destinations in the world at their best. The first daily international air service was launched between London and Paris (British airways, 2011). 3.2 Environmental issues of British Airways and impact on economy and necessary actions The British Airways is trying to shape the best practices, which could be very useful to build the economic conditions of the organization as follow; 3.2.1. Climate change policy: The organization is putting their efforts, by participating in mission of reduction of carbon dioxide emission globally. To cut the emission company has to adopt one of the options, Example: organization has to buy the low cost emission technology. Alternatively, to buy the allowance from other companies of their non-exceeded, allowance. Above mentioned both be taken as completely (British Airways, 2011). 3.2.2 Carbon emission trade against Green taxes: The British Airways is putting extra taxes on their customer to utilize the investment for reducing the emission, with name of Green taxes. However, research has highlighted that Green taxes had minor effects on reducing the carbon emission. Therefore, Green taxes have not been so successful. However, it is emphasize, that organizations should adopt the low emission technology practice (British airways, 2011). However,   there is need to take positive steps like, global agreement, International air transport association, UK sustainable Aviation groups, which are working on this mission. Furthermore, European Union carbon-trading scheme, have been taken into aviation industry by 2011 (British airways, 2011). 3.2.3 Waste and its impact on environment and actions: To counter the waste problems and its worst effects, like diseases, landfill, etc. The organization is trying to practice and find out the ways like; all workers will make use of internet and computers. The airplanes arriving on airport, the newspapers are recycled. There are several other recycle centers (British Airways, 2011). 3.2.4 Noise, its impact and actions: The noise had always been worst effects on environment. The population, which is living near the airports, has great concern about the noise. The British Airways is trying their best to complete the goal by reducing the noise track by 15% by 2015. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) will be managing this approach. However, tow ways are to be experienced to reduce the noise. For take-off to use the single engine taxi, airspace management, airport management, and design the use of aircraft secondary, power units Same as for landing, the efforts are continue like   gentle landing approach with constant speed (British Airways, 2011). This is also to put into consideration that Nighttime’s movements avoided. It is trying to maintain the procedure to avoid take-off at night. However, it should focus while adopting the new scientific methods to deal with problem. 3.3 Measure that exist to improve workplace and health safety practice 3.3.1 European environmental legislation and developing economic conditions The European Union is trying to use more alternates instead of many existing resources, for examples recycling. However, prices needed to be changed, to attract and reflect the environmental cost. It has to provide, the best incentives to the consumers and to use the resources more effectively, will make better economic conditions. Which will create more work opportunities, the provision of green technologies and services, in renewable energy provision, eco-industries and recycling, for example? Resource efficiency will profit other policies as well wiser use of resources reduces greenhouse gas emissions and many other environmental and health problems (European Union, 2011). 3.3.2 Improvement in health and safety, at work place The organization is committed to provide the best health and safety services, and is highly engaged to provide support at work place and remain in touch with liaison Officers and station commander. The Health and Safety section enthusiastically monitor all actions, hazards, assessments and tasks (Annual report, p44). The Operational Intelligence section continues to provide very useful support to frontline Firefighters by capturing risk information that may be risky to the safe conclusion of operational happenings. Theorganization also has dedicated its services to the Community Safety. The Community Safety Directorate has responsibility, For Youth commitment, Demand Reduction Innovations and Partnerships Service Delivery However, the efforts together for fire safety in the Built Environment, This process involves the broadcasting of information in relation to new buildings and any other building to Which material changes have been made?. Organization is also running the Health and Safety related training courses and continues to satisfy its legal requirements to provide the best health and safety services (British Airways, 2010. P4). 4.1 Social, Cultural, Ethical and Moral issues at work place Although Organization is committed to provide the job opportunities, to any ethnical group like, gay, lesbian and transgender workers. There is another issue that can be cater is conflict and harassment resolution. There are numbers of advisors and peacekeepers working across British Airways to create a culture, where decorum and self-esteem are hallmarks of relationships at work place, and where aggravation or discrimination are not permitted to be tolerated (British Airways, 2010. P4). 4.2 Diversity of the British Airways However, Diversity team has launched Inclusion Strategy, which has two plain goals, first that everyone knows why diversity has importance in the organization; second, to observe that diversity is incorporated into every part of the organization. The main point of impact is to rotate the employees in job rotation to gain more experience and beat the challenges. The discussions, could be more useful that how, harassment issue can be resolved. How awareness, is be raised? Furthermore, it is also is to be considered why and how bullying takes place. There is only one way that mediation can resolve these issues. The consultation of disabled group of employees has identified, disability issues, which help while launching new product and services. The main issue of the disabled employees is traveling; the new disability strategy has been introduced for the next four years which is called Building Ability towards 2012 (British airway, 2011). 4.3.1 Leadership development Leadership is a noteworthy main concern. There is a day plan for all managers, called Leading the Business, which focuses on the forth coming challenges of modify, engaging employees and achieving and delivering results to support business strategy. The website been developed for training, equipment to support managers with all dimensions of their roles (British airway, 2011). 4.3.2 Relationship with stakeholders The British Airways is more concern about to bring in to the knowledge environmental issues with its associates and suppliers, and backing them up to practice alike policies. While considering and negotiating on environmental agenda with customers, employees, and outer stakeholders. The important features of environmental progress clearly endorsed. The Group promotes the submissions of good environmental practice within the organization and its manufacturer, and monitors acquiescence with this policy (British Airways, 2010). 4.3.3 Customers’ opinions, recommendations and organization actions The customers’ opinions and views observed strictly through ‘Think customer survey. This is self-governing market research involving large numbers of customers on monthly basis. The organization also pins down the customer views on organization presentation with rival, as well as universal airlines. The customers are the backbone of any business organization (British airways, 2011). However, the target, which was set out in 2009/10, not achieved. Because of the slightly decrease in satisfying the customer for change catering services. The need is to make strong bridge, between British airways and mighty customers. This will be more fruitful for both of them. It will bring more business to the organization and great satisfaction to the customers (British airways, 2011). Conclusion This has come into conclusion that   in this highly demanding competitions era globalosation has great impact on the economy, the role of national and international organisation remains under criticism and argumentive. However, European Union have launched some of the policies and boosting the economy of Europe in so many sectors. The corporate governance of the BBC is trying to achieve its objectives, by implementing the effective policies and principles. The British Airways environmental and ethical responsibilities have met the international standard of the same organizations. Even then, lot of improvement is required in the areas of improvement, like working on emission, waste, biodiversity, ethical issues, and stakeholders’ interest/satisfaction in the overall organization’s business. References/Bibliography Annual report, (2010), Health and safety qualification. [Online] Available at: strathclydefire.org/media/80816/health%20safety%20and%20environment%20annual%20report%202009-2010.pdf (Accessed on: 17/05 2011) Atlantic Council, (2011), G20 Report; Renewing Globalization and Economic Growth[Online] Available at: acus.org/publication/g20-report-renewing-globalization-and-economic-growth (Accessed: 02/05/2011) (BBC, (2009/10), Relationship with Suppliers, Rights Holders and Producers stakeholder [Online] Available at: file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/BBC%20Worldwide%20 %20Annual%20Review%202009%2010%20-%20Corporate%20Governance.htm (Accessed on:05/05/20) BBC, (2011), what is BBC [Online] Available at: bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/purpose/what.shtml (Accessed on: 04/05/2011) BBC Annual review, (2009),The Effective Corporate Governance of BBC [Online] Available at:   bbcworldwide.com/annual-review/annual-review-2010/governance/corporate-governance.aspx (Accessed on: 08/06/2011) BBC world, (2009), How the BBC Worldwide Board Operates [Online] Available at:     www.bbcworldwide.com/media/13005/bbcw_role_of_chairman_and_ceo.doc.(Accessed on: 07/05/2011) BBC, (2010), corporate governance [Online] Available at: bbcworldwide.com/annual-review/annual-review-2010/governance/corporate-governance.aspx#1 (Accessed on: 07/05/2011) British Airways, (2011), History of British Airways [Online] Available at: http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.co.uk/time-zone/europe/uk/website/stores/british-airways/index.htm (Accessed on: 17/05/2011) British Airways, (2011), Noise developing more, efficient operating procedures [online] Available at: britishairways.com/travel/csr-operating-procedures/public/en_gb (Accessed on: 17/05/2011) British airway, (2011), Workplace responsible colleague [online] Available at: britishairways.com/travel/csr-diversity/public/en_gb (Accessed on: 17/05/2011) British airways, (2011), Climate change policy carbon trading [Online] available at: britishairways.com/travel/csr-carbon-trading/public/en_gb (Accessed on: 17/05/2011 British airways, (2011), Environment waste [Online] available at: britishairways.com/travel/csr-waste/public/en_gb (Accessed on: 17/05/2011 British Airway, (2011), Workplace responsible colleague [online] Available at: britishairways.com/travel/csr-diversity/public/en_gb (Accessed on: 17/05/2011) British Airways, (2010), Environmental policy [Online] Available at:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ba-groups.com/about-groups-travel-hub/environmental-policy.aspx (Accessed on: 18/05/2011 British airways, (2011), our strategy and objectives [Online] Available at: britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0910/our_business/strategy5.html (Accessed on: 17/05/2011) Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, (2011), What is corporate governance? [Online] Available at: iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/corporate-governance.cfm#What_is_corporate_governance_ Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, (2011), corporate governance in the UK and Ireland [Online] Available at:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/corporate governance.cfm#What_are_the_principles_of_good_corporate_governance(Accessed: 06/05/2011) Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, (2011), what are the principles of good corporate governance [Online] Available at: iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/corporate-governance.cfm (Accessed: 07/05/2011) Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, (2011), Responsibilities of the board members [Online] Available at:   iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/corporate-governance.cfm   (Accessed: 08/05/2011 Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, (2011), What is corporate governance?[Online] Available at: iia.org.uk/en/Knowledge_Centre/Resource_Library/corporate-governance.cfm#What_is_corporate_governance_ Conjecture corporation. (2003 – 2011), what is the European Union? [Online] Available at: wisegeek.com/what-is-the-european-union.htm (Accessed on:03/05/2011 Computer Sciences Corporation,(2011), corporate responsibility report [Online] Available at: csc.com/cr/flxwd/53978-cr_report_our_progress (Accessed on:18/05/2011 Europa, (2011), Policies and activities of the European Union [Online] Available at: http://europa.eu/policies-activities/index_en.htm (Accessed: 01/05/2011) Europa, (2011) Education, Training, and Youth [Online] Available at:   Ã‚  http://europa.eu/pol/educ/index_en.htm (Accessed: 01/05/2011 Europa, (2011), Environment [Online] Available at:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://europa.eu/pol/env/index_en.htm (Accessed: 02/05/2011) Europa, (2011), Economics and monetary affairs [online] Available at: http://europa.eu/pol/emu/index_en.htm (Accessed: 02/05/2011) Europa, (2009), European Economic Recovery Plan [Online] Available at: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/stability_and_growth_pact/ec0004_en.htm European Union, (2011),Resource Efficiency [online] Available at:  Ã‚   http://ec.europa.eu/environment/resource_efficiency/index_en.htm, (Accessed on: 18/05/2011) G, Angel, (2006), Challenges of globalization: The role of the OECD. [Online] Available at: oecd.org/document/15/0,3746,en_2649_201185_37726863_1_1_1_1,00.html (Accessed: 29/04/2011) OECD, (2011), who does what?   [Online] Available at: oecd.org/pages/0,3417,en_36734052_36761791_1_1_1_1_1,00.html (Accessed on: 03/05/2011) Myatt. M., (2006),The Impact of Globalization on Business. [Online] n2growth.com/blog/the-impact-of-globalization-on-business/ (Accessed on: 28/04/2011) Myatt. M., (2006), The Impact of Globalization on Business [Online] Available at: n2growth.com/blog/the-impact-of-globalization-on-business/ (Accessed on: 28/04/2011) Myatt. M, (2006), The Impact of Globalization on Business. [Online] Available at: n2growth.com/blog/the-impact-of-globalization-on-business/ (Accessed on: 28/04/2011) Michael, D. I., (2006), Globalization of the World Economy Potential Benefits and Costs and a Net Assessment. [Online] Available at:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   eea-esem.com/papers/eea-esem/2004/2397/Globalization%201.27.04%20PDF.pdf (Accessed on: 29/04/2011) Rsm aaj associates, 2011), Effective corporate governance [Online] Available at: aajassociates.com/servicesContent.asp?p=29id=41(Accessed on: 18/05/2011) Share the world resources, (2011), Sustainable economics to end global poverty.   [Online] stwr.org/imf-world-bank-trade/overview.html (Accessed: 28/04/2011). The Gemini Geek, (2011), What Is Business Environment. [Online] Available at: thegeminigeek.com/what-is-business-environment/ (Accessed on: 28/04/2011) Hirts, p. and Thompson, g (1996), Globalization a necessary myth, 1st Edition,Globalisation on question, Black well publishers Ltd (1ed), (p.1) Johnston. J., (2004), OECD Principles of Corporate Ensuring the Basis for an Effective OECD Publications Service, 2, rues Andrà ©-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16   [Online] Available at:   oecd.org/dataoecd/58/12/37776417.pdf (Accessed: 07/05/2011) Share the Worlds Resources, (2011), Development Association (IDA) created a pilot â€Å"Crisis Response Window† which they aim to make permanent. [Online] Available at:   stwr.org/imf-world-bank-trade/imf-gold-sales-funding-available-for-the-most-vulnerable.html (Accessed: 03/05/2011) UBM Live global media, (2011), sustainability [Online] Available on: ubmlive.com/responsible-business Accessed on: 18/05/2011)                                    Vivek, (2010) the rise of the BRICs and the future of globalization [Online] periscopepost.com/2010/10/the-rise-of-the-brics-and-the-future-of-globalization/ (Accessed: 01/05/2011)

Sociolinguistics Definition and Examples

Sociolinguistics Definition and Examples Sociolinguistics takes language samples from sets of random population subjects and looks at variables that include such things as pronunciation, word choice, and colloquialisms. The is data is then measured against socio-economic indices such as education, income/wealth, occupation, ethnic heritage, age, and family dynamics to better understand the relationship between language and society. Thanks to its dual focus, sociolinguistics is considered a branch of both linguistics and sociology.  However, the broader study of the field may also encompass anthropological linguistics, dialectology, discourse analysis, ethnography of speaking, geolinguistics, language contact studies, secular linguistics, the social psychology of language, and the sociology of language. The Right Words for the Given Situation Sociolinguistic competence means knowing which words to choose for a given audience and situation to get the desired effect. For instance, say you wanted to get someones attention. If you were a 17-year-old boy and you spotted your friend Larry walking out to his car, youd probably utter something loud and informal along the lines of: Hey, Larry! On the other hand, if you were that same 17-year-old boy and saw the school principal drop something in the parking lot as she was walking to her car, youd more likely utter something along the lines of, Excuse me, Mrs. Phelps! You dropped your scarf. This word choice has to do with societal expectations on the part of both the speaker and the person to whom he is speaking. If the 17-year-old hollered, Hey! You dropped something! in this instance, it could be considered rude. The principal has certain expectations with regard to her status and authority. If the speaker understands and respects those societal constructs, he will choose his language accordingly to make his point and express proper deference. How Language Defines Who We Are Perhaps the most famous example of the study of sociolinguistics comes to us in the form Pygmalion, the play by Irish playwright and author George Bernard Shaw that went on to become the basis for the musical My Fair Lady. The story opens outside Londons Covent Garden market, where the upper crust post-theater crowd is attempting to stay out of the rain. Among the group are Mrs. Eynsford, her son, and daughter, Colonel Pickering (a well-bred gentleman), and a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle (a.k.a Liza). In the shadows, a mysterious man is taking notes. When Eliza catches him writing down everything she says, she thinks he’s a policeman and loudly protests that she hasn’t done anything. The mystery man isn’t a cop- he’s a professor of linguistics, Henry Higgins. Coincidentally, Pickering is also a linguist. Higgins boasts that he could turn Eliza into a duchess or the verbal equivalent in six months, with no idea that Eliza has overheard him and is actually going to take him up on it. When Pickering bets Higgins he can’t succeed, a wager is made and the bet is on. Over the course of the play, Higgins does indeed transform Eliza from guttersnipe to grand dame, culminating with her presentation to the queen at a royal ball. Along the way, however, Eliza must modify not only her pronunciation but her choice of words and subject matter. In a wonderful third-act scene, Higgins brings his protà ©gà © out for a test run. She’s taken to tea at the home of Higgins very proper mother with strict orders: â€Å"She’s to keep to two subjects: the weather and everybody’s health- Fine day and How do you do, you know- and not to let herself go on things in general. That will be safe.† Also in attendance are the Eynsford Hills. While Eliza valiantly attempts to stick to the limited subject matter, it’s clear from the following exchange that her metamorphosis is as yet incomplete: MRS. EYNSFORD HILL:  I’m sure I hope it won’t turn cold. There’s so much influenza about. It runs right through our whole family regularly every spring. LIZA: [darkly] My aunt died of influenza- so they said. MRS. EYNSFORD HILL [clicks her tongue sympathetically] LIZA: [in the same tragic tone] But it’s my belief they done the old woman in. MRS. HIGGINS: [puzzled] Done her in? LIZA: Y-e-e-e-es, Lord love you! Why should she die of influenza? She come through diphtheria right enough the year before. I saw her with my own eyes. Fairly blue with it, she was. They all thought she was dead; but my father he kept ladling gin down her throat til she came to so sudden that she bit the bowl off the spoon. MRS. EYNSFORD HILL: [startled] Dear me! LIZA: [piling up the indictment] What call would a woman with that strength in her have to die of influenza? What become of her new straw hat that should have come to me? Somebody pinched it; and what I say is, them as pinched it done her in. Written just after the close of the Edwardian Era, when class distinction in British society was steeped in centuries-old traditions strictly delineated by a set of codes that related to family status and wealth as well as occupation and personal behavior (or morality), at the heart of the play is the concept that how we speak and what we say directly defines not only who we are and where we stand in society but also what we can hope to achieve- and what we can never achieve. A lady speaks like a lady, and a flower girl speaks like a flower girl and never the twain shall meet. At the time, this distinction of speech separated the classes and made it virtually impossible for someone from the lower ranks to rise above their station. While both a shrewd social commentary and an amusing comedy in its day, assumptions made on the basis of these linguistic precepts had a very real impact on every aspect daily life- economic and social- from what job you could take, to whom you could or could not marry. Such things matter much less today of course, however, it is still possible for some sociolinguistic experts to pinpoint who you are and where you come from by the way you speak.

Future Innovative Design in Virgin Galatic Case Study

Future Innovative Design in Virgin Galatic - Case Study Example Virgin has been associated with change and innovative idea, during this era of design and innovation manufacturers are experimenting with technology and introducing new services and creating opportunities for themselves. It has one of the successful space tourism groups in the industry and also the first one of its kind. Virgin is a large group therefore this organization has got access to more funds and tools to research and therefore they are able to come up with great creativity. They are trying to explore the satellite business through their efforts of launching satellite based services and science missions along with the idea of passenger flights which is expected to come as a successful venture in the space industry (Aaker, 2008). The world has become a place of complexity and unpredictability therefore businesses need to be very careful and in order to sustain the competition, they constantly need to update themselves and cope up with the changing needs and wants of the consumers. Therefore design has become an excellent tool to create a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. Due to the importance of this subject and its relevance in the business set up and functioning there are various researches and studies that have been done. Design - Inspired In... e on the need for firms in UK to incorporate design in their work in order to differentiate themselves by other nations and other organizations and compete on factors other than price, this is called the differentiation strategy. Designing is a creative experience altogether where one has to think out of the box. There are companies all around the globe that have long history of success and innovative designs such as Apple which is the king of innovation in the industry, then there is Toyota Motor Corp which has constantly shown evidence of efficiency in the manufacturing while Procter & Gamble has adopted an open house innovative strategy. Virgin got a strong backing on the decision on using UK as a base for its launch plan. Currently the contribution of the UK space industry towards their economy is 6.5 billion pounds and it is providing employment to around 68000 employees which is significantly a large figure. The economy is hoping to achieve success in this sector in the near future and a 5% growth rate each year by 2020 which will help the space industry to come out of its recession and it is said that the space industry is probably one of the success stories of UK currently. Therefore knowing the potential in the industry Virgin Galactic has portrayed itself an example of excellence in ideas, modernization and development (Bennett & Craun, 2008). The company wants to give their consumers a memorable experience along with safety which is an integral part of the entire manufacturing at the same time. Initially people didn't believe that this idea will be implemented and that soon Virgin is going to launch its airplane for commercial purpose as it surprised all of them when they gave a first look of their new Space Ship two's planes it took them two years to

An introduction to human Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

An introduction to human - Assignment Example For instance, the DNA of humans. Cladogenesis is a form of splitting where the main branch and its sub branches form an evolutionary strategy which is adaptable and eventually leads to formation of high quality range of sister organisms. On the other hand, anagenesis is a gradual evolution which leads to overall replacement of a species by its novel form. Tarsier  : Tarsier bancanus is a primate species tarsier. They live in southern Philippines. Tarsiers are adapted to leaping with their legs and muscles comprising approximately a quarter of the total body weight. Cercopithecoidea: species in this group include talapoins, macaques, surilis and geunons. They are found in several places including Southeast Asia, Africa and India. Some species are terrestrial while others are arboreal. B) Primates have evolved a number of different social organizations, in your own words define and discuss each of the following social categories and then for each category give an example of one primate species (different from those used in your answers above) whose social organization falls into that category and discuss something interesting about that species social life. (21 points) Noyau: Noyau is seen in orangutans and they depict promiscuous mating patterns. These primates do not live in groups as they live in isolation. The home ranges where the primates live are intersecting and both females and males do not live together. There are no set boundaries on the ranges. While females have single home range, males have a relatively huge range that covers several ranges occupied by the females. Monogamy: An example of a primate who portrays monogamous mating patterns are the gibbons. In this case, there is only one pair and their respective offsprings. Mates engage with only one primate all their lives, there is no promiscuity. Polyandry: primates who practice polyandrous mating include Goeldis Marmoset. Polyandry involves one

The family in America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The family in America - Assignment Example I do believe that there are instances in which one does not need to cite sources, of which I believe that this was an example of such a case. Some of the information presented on page two and three is original based on original research, while the rest may be considered as common knowledge. For example, most problems that face today’s family are not new and have been discussed by the media and with friends. As a result, I considered these to be original thoughts and ideas. Moreover, some of these issues, like children no longer being a reason for families to stay together, are issues that are easily observed. I also noted the reader’s comment about a lack of important detail to illustrate ideas presented by Hansen on page 4 and 5. Indeed, Hansen’s article is the basis of this paper and a lot of care was taken to ensure that her ideas were integrated into the paper as comprehensively as possible. As a result, I strived to include the concept of the family as discussed by Hansen in the article in accordance to the paper’s instructions. The paper especially sought to present Hansen’s argument on how working life for parents, as well as the informal networks constructed by parents, help in caring for children. Most importantly, however, I set out to incorporate her thoughts on the challenges and triumphs that families face in relation to social class, which I believe was essential to answering the research question. Not all concepts of the family covered by Hansen were included, since some of them did not fit with the thesis of the paper regarding the centrality o f kin as providers of care. Therefore, some of the concepts of family may have been left out. Finally, the reader also commented that the quote by Braithwaite could have been analysed and discussed further and I do agree with this observation. Since this quote formed part of my introduction, it was only meant to provide background information on how individuals render voluntary

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Presentation - Essay Example This, as a result, set path for new ideas about seeking to learn a more universally acceptable language, and my passion for learning English was born. It is widely known that English is the most spoken language in the world today, with a large number of countries worldwide using it as their official language. It is also one of the most used media of communication especially in books, music and films to date. These are some of the notable reasons that made it very easy for me to settle with English as my choice of language that I had to learn. The journey to learn English, just like any other new thing, was not easy. For one, this was a time-consuming and equally challenging task especially considering the vast differences in the structure and elements between my native Arabic language and those in English. The virtual lack of a clear correlation between the two meant that I had to place more effort so that I could excel in understanding the new language. I am glad that today I can stand and address people in English, which could only sound like a fantasy to me sometimes back. Today, I want particularly to revisit one of the most interesting and indeed important part of my English learning journey; my first English presentation in school. As a brief description of my background, I joined an English language learning school in the USA where I believed would provide the best environment for learning the language. It is said that if one is to learn a language quickly, then surrounding yourself with the language is the single most efficient method of learning i.e. spending time with people speaking the language, listening to music and watching movies written in the language among others. USA perfectly provided all of these characteristics. The course outline in the language class consisted of presentations sessions where students were put to task in an attempt to

Paper based on instruction (READ CAREFULLY) Essay

Paper based on instruction (READ CAREFULLY) - Essay Example The first piece is a book written by Naomi Wolf entitled â€Å"The Beauty Myth.† The book gained significant amount of popularity after it was published in 1991. It discusses the backlashes of feminism. Wolf states, â€Å"The contemporary backlash is so violent because the ideology of beauty is the last one remaining of the old feminine ideologies that still has the power to control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wolf, 1991, p.487). Wolf claims that society has set a standard about beauty that still holds women imprisoned up to this age. In Alex Pham’s article entitled â€Å"Boy, You Fight Like a Girl,† the author describes the current trend of online gamers who play characters representing the opposite gender. He describes that such trend provides an opportunity to experiment the crossing of genders. These two pieces of information will be analyzed in order to come up with an insight regarding how women are still trapped in the issue of physical looks in both the eyes of femal es and males. Claims Both authors claims that there is still an issue regarding the perception of society on women. Wolf claims that after the supposedly triumph of feminist groups in 1970s, women were able to acquire a certain form of equality with men that allowed them to â€Å" gain(ed) legal and reproductive rights, pursue(ed) higher education, enter(ed) the trades and the professions, and overturn(ed) ancient and revered beliefs about their social role† (Wolf, 1991, p.486). However, Wolf states that despite these seeming freedom and newly founded rights, women did not truly feel so free after all. She claims this statement two decades after the triumph of feminism. It is said that after breaking through the power structure that had once been oppressive to women, â€Å"the more strictly and heavily and cruelly images of female beauty have come to weigh upon us† (Wolf, 1991, p.486). Accordingly, one could look at Pham’s article where he states, â€Å"Female characters generally get treated better in the male-dominated world of virtual adventuring† (Pham, 2001). This may sound like something good coming from men. However, Pham also states that if someone uses a female character, they â€Å"must constantly brush off unwanted advances, and their female characters are not taken as seriously† (Pham, 2001). It does not sound so good after all. These statements clearly say that there is something wrong about society’s perception of the female gender. Approaches Wolf is known as an advocate of the modern day feminists. Her book would have made a strong impact had it not targeted only those who have a strong feminist side. Wolf sometimes uses statements that may be deemed abrasive by the rest of the audience. For example, Wolf states â€Å"The affluent, educated, liberated women of the First World, who can enjoy freedoms unavailable to any women ever before, do not feel as free as they want to† (Wolf, 1991, p.486). In reading the book, one can actually say that Wolf presented the sides of her argument, but not the other side. Due to this, the book somewhat have an abrasive tone to it. Such approach to the argument is similar to Pham’s. In his article, Pham mainly addresses individuals who understand the virtual world