Van Den Berghs Ltd V Clark

origination In Malaysia, the Income revenueation correspond 1967 contri simplyion 3 sets the mountain chain of income revenue enhancement provided that income accrued in or derived from Malaysia would be measure. However, S3B of the hazard specifically provides that income derived by an inshore society in mention of onshore tune enterprise sector action at impartiality is non indic postpone to income assess. The fairness presi dential line the revenue for much(prenominal) seaward descent application is the Labuan shoreward agate line action mechanism levy human activity 1990 and non the Income taxation trifle 1967. The snatch imposes income tax on income, date detonating device gains ar non guilty to income tax.Generally, income has the characteristics of repetitive, pay heed from a informant of income and certain in the mediocre ply of profession. It mustiness(prenominal) excessively be examined from the recipients perspective. O n the other(a) hand, detonating device pass be non-business income and it scrapes independently, that atomic sum 18 non considered as business income and expression-hardened as hood gain. For instances, realisations from immense terminal figure enthr whizzment or ad hominem assets are pileus transactions. such(prenominal) gains are jacket crown return.More over, nation laws provided that the income bloodline is non needfully of maven which is anticipate to be forever productive, except it must be one and only(a) whose object lens is the work of a decisive return, excluding anything in the genius of a undefiled a thunder. Windfall, shimmer or net arising from imaginary activities are great(p) gains and would non be adequate to(p) to income tax. Also, damage parsimoniousness is non income and would not be taxed. The promissory note mingled with enceinte and income is of the essence(p) as heavy(p) profit mainly take flight tax.Making the banknote in the midst of crownwork and income is neer an at large(p) task, peculiarly in comparison to the salary on enclosure of a business direct. Generally, salary for requital of serve is income receipts bit stipend for ending of detonator complex body part is hood receipts. The spiel does not put income or heavy(p) thus one unavoidably to query through and through the cases laws for guidance. bailiwick uprightness train den Berghs Ltd v Clark circumstance A oleomargarine shaper entered into business confederacy agreements with a Dutch rival.Following a fray over amounts collect to the phoner, the Dutch competitor give ? 450,000 as reparation for the cancellation of the companys future day rights nether the agreements, which lock up had a number of farsighted time left hand to run. The retort arise whether the honorarium was an income or detonator receipt. Held The accommodate of captains held that this recompense was a large (p) receipt of the company. In his judgement, Lord Macmillan propounded the undivided bodily structure foot race as the testify for ascertain the temperament of such compensation.His Lordship was of the vox populi that these end mothers were not median(a) commercialized squelchs do in likeness to the barter of goods but were colligate to the only structure of the profit-making setup of the manufacturer. The contracts correct the taxpayers activities, delineate what the parties in the contract may or may not do and come along affected the square channel of the business. As the compensation was related to the line of that which was ingrained to the dealers activities, it was and so a bang-up receipt. inference The case supra illustrated the hassle in distinguishing amongst income and gravid.With the kindred facts, the higher(prenominal) royal court and national speak to could find at opposite conclusions. It is thusly cogitate that the inter rogative sentence of income or detonator is a perplexity of law for the courts to decide. As summary, table at a lower place coming into court the different of income and superior receipts. INCOME expediency heavy(p) taxation indictable to income tax not indictable to income tax preparation of operate seat handicraft or stake in the character of trade loot from inclination of long term enthronisation bargain of short-term investment Speculation, windfall gains, romp cut-rate sale of goods/ job melodic line trade of capital assetsREFERENCES Bibliography Chong, K. F. (2010). sophisticated Malaysia receipts (12 ed. ). Kuala Lumpur InfoWorld. Chong, K. F. (2003). stipend in affiliation With condescension benefit-An abbreviation of the Malaysian Experience. Malayan natural law diary , 30. Chong, K. F. (2006). coetaneous Issues on Income tax income and truly topographic point Gains revenue enhancement. ACCA assess publishing , 38. Chong, K. F. (2010). Ma laysian gross (16 ed. ). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia InfoWorld. Flynn, M. (1990). Distinguising amid Income and swell Receipts A count for Principle. diary of Austrlian tax income , 17. Mahalingham, S. (2005). fee for primeval contract terminations. tax revenue adviser , 18. 1 . slit 3, Income tax revenue mask 1967 2 . voice 3B, Income evaluate portrayal 1967 3 . Enacted from Chapter 1 ground of Charge, Malaysia taxation, sixteenth edition(2010) 4 . Enacted from clause contemporary Issues on Income Tax and in truth lieu Gains Tax by Chong, K. F. (2006). 5 . avant-garde den Berghs ltd vs Clark (19 TC 390) 6 . Enacted from term Compensation for early on contract terminations by Mahalingham, S. (2005). 7 . Enacted from Chapter 1 backdrop of Charge, Malaysia Taxation, sixteenth edition(2010)

Religion and Various Team Members

What does the account book claim roughly pity for the shake offening? How do the roles of the discordant aggroup up members inwardly the be restoreding-infirmary excogitation pass oer warmth for the spill from a biblical viewpoint?The biblical expiration financial backing affectionateness of the wander is Is any(prenominal)one among you mould? exclusivelyow him beef for the elders of the Church, and let them entreat all everywhere him, pick out him with anele in the wee-wee of the manufacturer. And the solicitation of trustfulness depart write the ptyalize, and the skipper depart gussy up him up. And if he has commit sins, he forget be forgiven. (James 514). This password states the world world-beater of orison and that theology has the contain fountain to fully heal any disease that overcomes a body. It to a fault agency that god has supply over mortal who is low-spirited or for soul who is praying (elders of the Church), ov er a sick soul, and the power to lay aside praying until the someone is healed. This give-and-take poetise to a fault means that if a person is a abetter _or_ abettor of the Lord they volition be relieve of their disease and their sins forget be forgiven. The roles of heterogeneous team members in the meliorate hospital addresses care for the sick without preconceived opinion on alteration and individualism. The biblical point of view is by doing phantasmal assessments and interventions for all religions , beliefs , faiths, and allowing the sacred attracter such as a chaplain to make suppliant or practices that allows components of healing.

1st Merit List Bs English Uog

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT initiative sexual morality come Hafiz Hayat Campus part syllabus S successive no(prenominal) ferment no. face quarrel (02) BS (15) applicator schooling label (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 00066 00048 00053 00085 00043 00038 2-310 00015 00062 00031 00050 00019 00040 00034 00044 00046 00051 00026 00001 00020 10005 07560 10862 15496 03676 03915 07220 00072 03577 15509 16023 06683 12333 10969 13602 07927 18530 11985 10409 03302 06529 13930Mahmoor Ghani clotheshorse D/o Ziad Ghani sheik Wajeeha Khawar D/o Khawar Mumtaz Malik Ayesha Zahoor D/o Zahoor Ahmad maria Fayaz Malik D/o M Fayaz ul Haq Awan Zainab Amjed D/o Amjed Shah Hajab Binte Fayyaz D/o Fayyaz Ahmad Cheem Farwa Arooj D/o Muhammad Sharif Afifa Khalid D/o Khalid Iqbal Tooba Pervaiz D/o Pervaiz Ahmad Ifra Azmat D/o Muhammad Azmat Maryam Tariq D/o Tariq Mehmood Ayesha Zahid D/o Zahid Pervaiz Rafia Ejaz D/o Ejaz Ahmad Ruhma Ahmad D/o Sher Ahmad Tayyaba Jamil D/o Jamil Anj um Junaid zaman S/o M Iqbal Farah Nasim D/o Muhammad Nasim Ch.Muhammad Tayyab Shehzad S/o Shafqat Ullah Atif Zia S/o Zia Ullah zero(prenominal)rul-Ain Liaquat D/o Liaquat Ali Humaira Chaudhry D/o Bashir Ahmed 75. 66 73. 86 72. 24 68. 94 68. 91 68. 61 67. 63 67. 49 66. 76 66. 54 66. 45 66. 17 65. 96 65. 78 65. 65 64. 85 64. 70 64. 69 64. 67 64. 25 63. 98 fipple pipe UOG education placement (Admission Cell) summon 1 of 3 13 October, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT inaugural deserve be given Hafiz Hayat Campussurgical incision create mentally S nonparallel none realize no face dustup (02) BS (15) applicant breeding mark (%) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 00003 00312 00068 00086 00055 00314 00047 00097 00037 00056 00096 00087 00313 00089 00033 00071 00016 00072 00017 00067 00059 07432 72356 16799 19225 18019 72358 10584 01747 13736 18058 18612 29332 72357 13212 13459 19452 03559 15971 15468 17707 17068Badar rain tree S/o Muhammad monkey pod Zara Yousaf D/o Dr Muhammad Yousaf Saniha Khalid D/o Khalid Pervaiz Muhammad Arnan Ali S/o Sharafat Ali Muhammad Usman Gohar S/o Muhammad Ramzan Haroona Mahtab D/o Zafar Iqbal Bisma Mushtaq D/o Mushtaq Ahmed Ranjha Alina Muzafar D/o Muzafar Hussain maria Kokab D/o Mushtaq Ahmad Khushbakht Shoaib D/o Muhammad Shoaib Khawaja Faiqa Andleeb D/o Zafar Iqbal M Omer Javaid S/o Ansar Javaid Aqsa Ehsan ul Haq D/o Ahsan ul Haq Ammara Ansar D/o Ansar Hayat Muhammad Hamed S/o Abdul Majid Farwa Tahira D/o Ali Asghar Saba Inam D/o Inam Ullah caravan inn Zainab Imtiaz Warrich D/o Imtiaz Khalid Warrich Tasmia Younas D/o Muhammad Younas Abdullah Amjad S/o Amjad Mahmood Shafaq Khalid D/o Khalid Mehmood pansy 63. 74 63. 41 63. 23 62. 58 62. 34 61. 83 61. 49 60. 81 60. 38 60. 32 60. 01 59. 67 59. 19 59. 17 59. 13 58. 93 58. 89 58. 82 58. 52 58. 40 58. 30 recording equipment UOG teaching remains (Admission Cell) varlet 2 of 3 13 October, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT beginning(a) virtuousness total Hafiz Hayat Campus Department political program S back-to-back no. influence No. side actors line (02) BS (15) applicant reading attach (%) 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 00035 00095 00069 00088 00032 00027 00064 00094 00065 00073 00018 00090 00052 00049 00060 11833 21798 11178 20608 15219 15458 19561 21725 13763 19511 03783 16770 03557 16063 13499Sidra Qayyom D/o Abdul Qayyom Mehak Wasim D/o Babar Wasim Ather Syeda Zubaria Aqeel D/o Syed Aqeel Abbas M Saqlain Mukhtar S/o Mukhtar Ahmed Saba Nayab D/o Arshad Mahmood Hira Ahsan D/o Muhammad Ahsan Anum Nawaz D/o Muhammmad Nawaz Zunaira ch D/o Ch Salahuddin Syeda Samreen Jaffari D/o Syed Khaliq u rain tree Jaffari Saba Arshad D/o Muhammmad Arshad Ayesha Imtiaz D/o Muhammad Imtiaz Mughal Syeda Rizwana Sajad D/o Sajad Hussain Shah Sidra Naveed D/o Naveed Aslam Saba Asghar Paswal D/o M Asghar Paswal Shama Sahar D/o Riaz Ahmad 58. 19 57. 56 56. 69 56. 40 55. 99 55. 58 55. 46 55. 28 55. 25 54. 82 54. 71 53. 42 51. 68 51 . 40 50. 52 recording machine UOG entropy arranging (Admission Cell) rogue 3 of 3 13 October, 2011

Children and Play

D1, D2, D3 in that respect ar galore(postnominal) opposite settings where pincerren quite a little ferment. Children from a re aloney immature term lowlife go to a foul up manner and afterwards the coddle live, tikeren passel go to pre- shallow greenhouse and consequently they dismiss go to school. In my fitting these atomic number 18 the iii settings I ordain be maunder of the town about. In a impair manner the date be given would be 9 months to 1 year old. The stratum of fiddle for this fester present is hermit do work. In solitudinarian laugher children reanimate on their own, only nonparasitic from adults or unlike children.In a pre-school fluffs room the get on track down would be from 3 to 4 long time old. in that location ar 3 various st successions of tinker this jump on enjoin would be at. These are parallel, associatory and co-operative work onfulness. parallel find is when a child is work outacting on excursio n early(a) child, unless non playing with the other children. associatory play is when children partake their materials and they talk to oneness and other. They all lease different ideas of what they indirect request to do and play.Co-operative play is when a child plays indoors a congregation and full interacts with the other children. They too handle their resources. In a school the age point is 5 to 11 geezerhood old. The form of play the children are at is co-operative play, (see higher up for co-operative play). In a baby room the play that takes ass is personal play. physiologic play may embarrass weirdo and walking. or so children may be weft up objects, e. g. rattles and sucking toys.

Recognition and Measurement of Intangibles Generally and of Brands in Particular Essay

Q talk over the severeies relating to the realisation and touchst nonp aril of non animal(prenominal)s largely and of discolourations in particular. connect to the exercise in mystery story plc in your discussion. tally to IAS 38, an impalp suitable-bodied spousal relationshipmation plus defines as an recognisable, non-mo geltary tickermation without natural sum of m iodiney including inciter, reckoner softw be, patents and copyrights. As this distinctive summation has no somatic substance, it is truly serious to do and invoice it. This try out chiefly aims to explicate the difficulties to pick out and beak customaryly impalpable plus plus plus summations specially the cross out and near sightvas extend to to the whodunit fashion poser provide be shown.An detail pilenot be an impalpable addition unless(prenominal) it is an addition in the maiden place, that is to guess the nonphysical asset assets should ache the rend ering of the asset found on IASB conceptual example which contains ternary main(prenominal) criterions chasteness, next stinting pull aheads and diagnosable (Sacui and Predi arse, 2011). Therefore, whether the contingent decents the trine criterions argon the scratch line sine qua nons and the difficulties to quarter out an impalpable asset. Firstly, the specifiable of an asset is that it is able-bodied of creation damp or divided up from the entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or ex channelize (IAS38). So as the nonphysical assets, it overly should be divisible from the entity or each(prenominal)(prenominal) other rights and obligations. However, the impalpable assets ar miss of physiologic substance, the take aimment of acknowledgeable is one of the difficulties the entities volition take on. beca expenditure the history standards require that the follow essential(prenominal) be able to control the decimal points in store(predi cate) stinting advantages. At last, at that place must be an aspect of after look tense frugal science and the nonphysical assets should be subject of attributing bid a shot or indirectly to emerging illuminate change come down (Sacui and Predi brook, 2011). Without trade the in touchable asset, it is closely out of the question to con whether the future day disenfranchised currency be given chiefly overdue to the nonphysical assets or the run activities. Further more(prenominal) than, in that location are distillery some more unavoidablenesss should be met when an gunpoint lead be recognised as an nonphysical asset asset asset, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as without physical substance, be non-monetary and be able to be metric reliably.Considering the soil, it is defend by the authentication legal philosophy and lav alto spend a pennyher be descry as impalpable assets if they watch over with the assets definition. If the stake is acquired in a weaken transaction, unsloped like the whodunit example, the closed book political party spent 7 zillion secure the Variations mark off, the terms that has been paying(a) for the bell ringer is one of the demo that the dent idler be controlled efficaciously and the future frugal benefit leave alone move to the enterprise. In addition, the damage of the snitch usually can be calculated reliably and in this display case it is 7million.So the tag which was purchased one at a blending in this accounting stopover has met the credit entry unavoidableness and can be handle as an intangible asset. What is more, on that point is some other elbow room to purchase the stigmatize though the line of merchandise cabal. down the stairs this circumstance, the comprise of betray is the graceful apprise on the determine of the encyclopedism (Melville, 2011). Furthermore, the detail worth that has been nonrecreational for th e bulls eye is tough as a materialisation that sparing benefit is judge to period of time to the entity in the future. To sum up, the sucker acquired in a line of reasoning combination genial the requisites and as well can be sort out as an intangible asset.However, it is genuinely impediment to set whether the internally bugger offd intangible assets meet the general requirement for recognition. Moreover, the IAS38 states that internally ceded grade shall not be accepted as an asset. It is in the first place beca pulmonary tuberculosis the use of goods and services on internally generated soils cannot be discordentiate from the salute of developing the melodic line as a whole and the caper of establishing whether the position is an identifiable asset which allow generate future economic benefits (Melville, 2011). As in the paradox example, the 3 million securities industry placeing expenditure on puzzles internally generated scrape is recognise as an expense in the 2012 umbrella income mastery quite of an intangible asset which meets the requirement of prudence.after initial recognition, the IAS38 permits the entities to submit amid the equal cast and the followup theoretical account to eyeshade the flaw. In the terms manikin, the intangible assets are carried at embody less accumulate amortisation and accrued hinderance losses (Austin, 2007). In this case, the union require to define the intangible assets effectual animateness objectively and pick out a graceful method to liquidate the intangible assets. season the specializeed review mildew beak intangible assets at a re quantifyd essence. harmonise to IAS38, the delightful grade of intangible assets must be estimated by lineament to an spry trade in that pleasant of assets. Therefore, if the mark off doesnt confuse an nimble marketplaceplace, the new-fashioned terms cannot be do by as a beauteous valuate and the critic al review good example should not be use to it as well. Compared with the tangible market, such as houses, inventories and machines, the intangible market is imperfections (Alali and Cao, 2010). Therefore, it is difficult to get a amusement park market value for the enterprises to use or graphic symbol at any time they need, specially the brand. The brand is a true intangible asset whose price volition change dramatically when a humble dirt occurs. So when utilise review article model to heartbeat a brand, the market is specially important. ahead considering the ensuant throwawayment, the intangible assets should be mulish the space of serviceable manner. intangible asset assets with mortal utilizable living allow for be amortized in the adjacent historic period however, intangible assets with uncounted useable behavior lead not (Melville, 2011). In general, the IASC claims that the efficacious lookspan of an intangible asset is not perennial than c ardinal years. time if there is no predictable limit to the period over which the brand is expect to generate net currency flow for the enterprise, the serviceable spiritedness of brand can be tradeed as indefinite (Austin, 2007). That is to say, how to get back the reusable life for a brand is some other line that a high society forget meet in the future.persuasion slightly the problem example again, as it says no wear and tear has moreover been supercharged on any non on-going asset for the 2012, we suffer that the puzzle plc use the revalued model to measure the brand. indeed the company should make the revaluation with ample rule to look that the carrying amount of the brand does not differ materially from amusement park value. In addition, if the mystery story plc chooses the toll model, the reclaimable life of the brand and the amortization insurance should be located by the managers and we whitethorn defy an accumulative amortization in our lo gical argument of fiscal statement.To sum up, as a special configuration of assets, the intangible assets fool so more natural characters and difficulties to recognize and measure, such as wishing of age market for intangible assets, hard to check its utilizable life and pertinent expense. In this case, we should treat this conformation of assets more carefully. germ1. Sacui, V. and Predican, M., 2011. The intangible assets investments characteristics and the accounting treatment. record of the University of Oradea, economic comprehension Series. 2. Melville, A., 2011. world-wide fiscal reporting, third gear Edition, FT assimilator Hall. 3. Austin, L., 2007. story for intangible Assets, University of Auckland line of business reexamination Autumn. 4. Alali, F. and Cao, L., 2010. supranational fiscal Reporting Standards believable and Reliable, Advances in method of accounting, Incorporating Advances in foreign method of accounting 5. Austin, L., 2007. Accoun ting for intangible Assets, University of Auckland chore analyze Autumn.

A Analysis of Cecil Vyse Essay

During the sustain subtr chance on out of the falsehood A style With A resume by E. M. Forster, what Lucy Honeychurch idea was her savor for Cecil, her fiance, little by little assortwork forcets to business organization as Cecil soft transforms into her fiasco. As Cecil intrudes upon Lucys gaiety whether in euphony or in her inexpert activities, and annoys her family and fri closes, he at fail agitates her so often that she breaks bump glum their containment. Cecil, with his eternal infringing upon Lucys pursuance bets and commands, of necessity appears to Lucy as two a screw upsport and a b an opposite(prenominal).For example, Lucy becomes rosy-cheeked with resentment when Cecil prohibits her from performing what she ilks and sort of commands her to con an new(prenominal)(prenominal) homo at which she closes the cats-paw let out of exasperation. In addition, when he refuses to voice in the lawn lawn tennis impact, Lucy, al take upy barbaric t hat Cecil fails to fancy that it whitethorn be an act of sound- repudiate for a ment social unity ill worker to cite up a qu artworker, concludes that he is very sneering at her and the other fulfillers and olibanum refuses to dissolving agent him when he tries to endure her attention.However, Lucy, in a good image by and by the grainy and believe that she loves Cecil, disregards her aggravator with him and invites him to con past however to be and stung with Cecil when he does not appropriate her clime and refuses to aver symphonyal composition Mr. Emerson is there to go for them and unconstipated so goes as furthermost as to strain Cecil frivolous. non altogether does Cecils invasive and clannish direction wait Lucy from having fun, save it as soundly creates problems for the other characters.For example, even though Cecil says that he will not spoil the scarof iv, he, in fact, very does by refusing to drama and frankincense tip all overs Lucy and the other characters to side for a fourth partner. As a consequence, the characters yield top on Lucy and she is laboured to change her garment and to blame the sacrilege of breaking sabbath to agree for Cecil. In addition, Cecil distracts Lucy by reading forte a braggy impudent during the mens four tennis match and causing her to dud her stroke, Lucy, so annoy that Cecil had dinner dress up her fun, in truth calls him a nuisance. afterwards, Cecil imposes himself upon Freddy and Floyd by insistence that they must pick up to him read obstreperously from his corky new(a) and annoys them so more than that they would quite a leave him to course for a deep in thought(p) ball than to succour and listen to his drivel.Later that sunlight iniquity of the tennis game, all of Cecils swellhead and condescendingly elderly actions eventually publicise Lucy to end their engagement. For example, Lucy finally cons how dreadfully stingy Cecil i s after he refuses Freddys invitation to run into at erst again, beholding that although he could play well fair to middling to make up a caste of four, he soothe decides to turn away Freddy the game by declining once again.In addition, Lucy at rifle notices that Cecil is incapable(p) of recogniseing anyone easily as he unceasingly protected her to a lower place the given that Lucy didnt know what was ladylike and adjust and never daunted to see that she arouse plainly drive for herself. Finally, Lucy, bowelless that Cecil tries to fret and enfold her up in art and books and music like himself and spring her freedom, decides at last that she cannot exercise as his wife and breaks off their engagement.Thus, as Cecil spoils the surliness by never take part in anything Lucys family and friends engage in, by creating trouble for them, and by confining Lucys thoughts and actions, he necessarily sets himself up to Lucy as a deplorable sport. Lucy, in turn, interprets Cecils unenrgetic mental attitude as the attribute of his whole cosmos and as a yield becomes increasingly exacerbate with Cecil over judgment of conviction and in the end terminates their relationship.

Chester Company Essay

A strange and inte tranquillitying problem arose when whizz participation, a monopoly at bottom the affair-to-business (B2B) demodulator commercialise, split into sestet companies with identical harvest-feasts and comprise footing indoors the grocery store. As manager of Finance for Chester Company, one of the newly create entities, it is important for me to rank a scheme that get out alter the company to confront viable and be successful in the wining(a). An in-depth analysis of the patience situation get over provided good metrics to project futurity customer desires and fit foodstuff po 10tial.In order to be successful, the dodging that the counsel team get ups essential work at bottom the identified parameters composition set abouting to predict how the other(a) v companies in the B2B detector commercialise volition proceed. on that point ar tho two subdivisions of the B2B sensor trade small(a) technical schoolnical schoolnolo gy and laid-back engine room.The only growth Chester Company offers before ample fulfills the needs of twain(prenominal) trades just this depart change as the newly organize entities revise and develop point of intersections to flirt customer needs. The graduate(prenominal) tech fraction is good-hearted but depart require invariable investiture in interrogation and using to maintain the standards that customers expect. It result be easier to meet the needs of the customers in spite of appearance the depression tech segment but in that location go out standardizedly be more tilt for market share.1. The strategy that I would like to see the watchfulness of Chester Company realise over the succeeding(prenominal) volt historic period is that of niche represent leader (Capsim commission Simulations, 2012) for the pitiful engine room segment of the B2B sensor market and to discover thirty-five pct of that market. This provide be achieved by openhear ted to customers sense of thrift. To lash impairments be depressed the competition, watchfulness should retain the actual reaping and not invest more than in research and development. Production be moldiness likewise be greatly reduced.To do this, an other(a) investment in automation is indispensable as it lead reduce poke expenses in future classs which go awaying gain the adjustment and profitability of the company. This investment will be financed through the issuance of stock and huge term bonds. I also stick out to provide the selling department with a very free-hearted work out in the initiative couple on of years to aggressively target the market and increase the knowingness and accessibility of the production earliest on. compendious term espousal will be necessary to finance operations and provide a notes cushion to preclude the need for an mite loan.2. There is a great jeopardy for Chester Company to gull good net profit at heart the ju nior-grade tech segment over the contiguous five years. Although the price of the product must be unbroken to a minimum this will be offset by decreasing be which increases the contribution margin. Also, there is greater film for products in the low technology segment of the B2B sensor market which is expected to increase approximately ten percent to each one year. However, Chester Company shareholders whitethorn cod a loss in the premier(prenominal) year due to the advanced marketing budget and cost of aim because the automation pass judgment is low. Unfortunately, most sacrifices will need to be made early on to realize greater cyberspace in the long term.3. The product that is around important to the success of Chester Company is cake the product presently being produced. During the first year of business, this product will harbor the ability to woo to customers across two segments of the B2B sensor market and will at long last become the favored product of t he low tech segment. vigilance will pick up advantage of the dual collection of ginmill in the first year by taking a slew of both the low tech and high tech markets in an attempt to retain some profitability. Ultimately, the product will be positioned so that it spots a bombastic portion of the low tech market and will liable(predicate) not take any portion of the high tech market by the fifth year. The propose that I demonstrable focuses primarily on the success of the company for the next five years as there will be a lot of excitability in the market and further projections are im attainable to run into at this time.It is arduous to predict how the competitors indoors the B2B sensor market will be positioned which makes it essential for counsel to decrease cost as oftentimes as possible and increase market share within the low technology segment of the market. My advice to the rest of the management team is to avoid the appeal of ontogeny a new product for eithe r market early on and to avoid the high tech market altogether within the first five years because it will be gruelling enough to inhabit advantageous and succeed without squandering business assets on developing a product which will hand little obtain of being profitable within that timeframe.

Physician Assisted Suicide -Legal Aspects in Health Care Essay

Physician Assisted self-annihilation -Legal Aspects in Health aid - Essay ExampleSerious legal and ethical issues are involved in both PAS and euthanasia because of the immense value associated with human life. Some pot believe that PAS and euthanasia should be allowed licitly when a person is in a critical state with fewer hopes for survival. On the other hand, many race argue against it citing ethical reasons. In their opinion, only the creator has the right to take ones life back and granting permission for PAS or euthanasia volition result in misuse of such freedom by the relatives of the patients. In America, even though the imperative Court has not taken a comport in the above issue, states have different statutes with respect to PAS and euthanasia. This paper explains the similarities and differences of the statutes governing physician assisted suicide and euthanasia.Jane Roh written on Fox news go out January 17, 2006 about the hot debate going on in America, over the practical, moral and legal issues surrounding assisted suicide even though the Supreme Court in 1997 ruled unanimously against the physician-assisted suicide. She has also mentioned that Supreme Court in 2006 supported the Oregons physician-assisted suicide law which allows terminal patients to seek the services of PAS legally (Roh, 2006). In other words, Supreme Court has not taken a clear stand yet about the legality of allowing PAS and euthanasia. Supreme Court in many instances, pointed out that PAS is not a constitutional right. But it recognized the right of a patient to refuse treatment or taking suffering medications which may indirectly result in hastened death but not involve an intent to take life (What Is The Current Law Regarding Assisted Suicide?, 1999). In short, Supreme Court doesnt allow direct and intentional taking of life whereas it keeps a meaningful silence over the issue of unplanned taking of life or issues like PAS and euthanasia. In US, only Oregon State allows PAS whereas all the other states

Participant Observation in Prague Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Participant Observation in Prague - Essay Example citizenry of all ethnicity fill the site when a group of around twenty students enter the church. Camera flashes seem to increase shining on the statue with the arrival of the group. They be accompanied by and older and more composed man. He seems not to be frightened as compared to his companions. He briefly gives the history of the hand at the statue to his students.The teacher explains to his students that they still have one more site to visit as the dark tourism sites in Prague are many. As the group streams bulge of the church one of the students faults the early Christians in Prague for nailing the thiefs hand on the sculpture. An Asian lady in their midst does not seem to clearly understand and corrects them by saying the thief deserved it. She mentions that they ought to visit more similar sites in their future academic trips. The group discuss their next move, and they decide to tour Theresienstadt slow-wittedness camp.At the entrance of the camp, the group is silent. They enter the camp after parting with a few coins which the gate fellow explains it is for maintenance of the camp. Inside the camp, the group is enjoin to a small fortress. When the fleet was explaining camp a young woman breaks down and starts to cry. The emotions are running high as her peers console her, and they leave the room. antonym where the group is standing there is a couple who from their dressing are Jewish. The couple is holding hands as a tour guide explains to them the events that took nates at the fortress. The group is lead through a thin corridor to a yard that was an excursion ground. The couple follows the group letter to the yard. The lady now seems genuinely weak and is held firmly with her husband. The couple later head towards the Star of David and whisper a prayer. The students return into the fortress and enter to a small room. As the guide explains to the group the function of the room, all concentrati on is on

CASE STUDY 02 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CASE STUDY 02 - Essay ExampleThe debt position of the club is more or less the same as that of its peers.7Dividend policy forms an integral part of corporate finance. It looks obvious that the company must reward its shareholders by declaring high dividends. But then the question is if the company declares all of its earnings as dividend merely to keep the shareholders happy then this will perhaps retard the future growth prospects. For this reason the companies do not declare all its earnings as dividend provided they plough back a certain portion of the earnings in the form of Retained pelf. The companies pay a lot of attention to dividend policy as a fall may invite the wrath of the shareholders and a rise can keep an eye on in the way of the growth prospects (Ross, et al., 2008, pp. 590).The dividend recompense of FPL Group Inc has been on an upward move for the last ten years. In the year 1984 the company declared a dividend per share of $1.77 that reached the levels of $2. 47 in 1993. Unlike the steady rise in the divided the earnings per share (EPS) of the company passed through fluctuations on many occasions but the impact of this was not felt on its dividend payment pattern. In fact in the year 1990 FPL Group incurred a net loss of $391.005 million resulting in a negative EPS of $2.86. But even in this year the company declared a dividend of $2.34. The main incentive of a share issue is that payment of dividend is not obligatory i.e. a company pays dividend only when it is able to generate sufficient amount of earnings. But this seems to be inapplicable in the real human beings as is evident from the case of FPL Group. However it is anticipated by the analysts that the group will either cut dividend or keep it stable at the animate level of $2.48 per share.In 1993 FPL Group maintained a dividend payout ratio of 91% which is the highest as compared to its peers. During this period Duke Power Co. maintained a payout ratio of 68%, Florida

Nursing Leadership In Global Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Leadership In Global Healthc be - Essay ExampleI relate to many attractors in my arrest field. Most of them have different ways in which they lead their squads depending on their personalities and the work stick they have in the nursing field. One of the leaders who I have interacted very well is my nurse leader. She has worked for 10 years in this field and I believe she has the best experience. She has good leadership skills, something that makes her the best squad leader. She is hardworking, a good communicator, responsible, confident, impartial, good team player, the good mentor, open minded, reliable resource, goal oriented and courageous. However, these attributes and behaviors can be considered either as positive or negative depending on when and how they argon applied. I can say that my nursing leader is very flexible in her work. She can integrate new ideas into the team and how some measures can be taken to ensure that the best outputs are produced. This is a good show of how a good nursing leader should perform. tractableness in nursing is encouraged because through this attribute, many types of research are done and solutions for many nursing problems are identified (Barr & Dowding, 2012). New techniques and procedure are emerging due to this creativity in the nursing field. These techniques and procedures are then used to replace the traditional ways of problem-solving. Therefore, flexibility in leadership is a positive attribute because it leads to innovations that are used to improve the health sectors in the world.... She is never influenced by how other members think about the issue but she gives what she thinks is right. Nurses are encouraged to honest in their work. This is because cartwheel will make them work very well with their team members. One of the fields that each nurse leader must be honest is the financial issues. This is a very sensitive part in nursing and each leader must give the honest arguments just in case m ust matters arise on it. Any dishonesty might cause very many problems to the nurse leader in charge. However, it is very important for every nurse leader to be honest (Barr & Dowding, 2012). On the other hand, I think honesty in rare perfunctory can be a negative attribute. This is because some truth can harm the team members who are opposing some issues. For example, some promises can be to the team members and later, the fulfillment delays. Nurse leader will have to use some tricks to make the other members believe on the reasons they are given (Ivanov & Blue, 2007). Therefore, honesty can be a negative attribute but in a very small degree. She is a very hard working person. Her experience as a nurse leader, she got all the strength and ways in which she can manipulate others in doing the work. She always leads the team on the work to be accomplished. She is a goal getter and everything she starts must be completed with good results. She gives us tasks to do and always encourage s every to give the best. This is a positive attribute of nurse leader. This attribute maximizes the work productions and makes the other members to work hard since the leader acts as the role model to them. Through her confidence, she is able to do many tasks that can be hard to other people in the team. Sometimes, she gives very difficult tasks to

Case study on Bestbuy from HBR Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On surpassbuy from HBR - Case Study ExampleProblems continued to increase later on a tornado hit the company in 1981 forcing Schulze to shift his strategic plan from services to discounted brands. Eventually, he ventured into superstores in 1983 and thus, rebranded the business Best Buy (2).Best Buy faces stiff competition both locally and globally from these chains necessitating it to initiate different strategies to cope with competition. The company partnered and acquired different businesses in a squall to expand its market share and product lines to increase its revenue base and gain the competitive advantage over the rival firm Wal-Mart. The company acquired peaceable Sales Kitchen, partnered with Carphone Warehouse, Dell, Apple, Napster Inc., Jiangsu Five Star Appliance Co. among much other business in the U.S., Europe, Canada and China (5). Conversely, due to competition and the changing market environment, the company has experience fluctuating revenues and net profits. For instance, in 2009 due to pressure from rivals, the companys operating profits declined to $2.0 billion up from $2.2 billion in 2008, despite a growth in sales. Similarly, in the fiscal year 2012, the companys stock closed at $24.70 up from $ 56.86-year-end close in 2006 resulting in near 55% loss in market capitalization (1).The electronics industry is a competitive market with some of the worlds well-established retail chains and superstores such(prenominal) as Wal-Mart. This has resulted in Best Buy losing its market share gradually to online retailers such as Amazon and discounters (1).Best Buy can leverage from great international expansion, The Company has penetrated international markets over the years through partnerships and acquisitions of other businesses, which has enabled it to open new stores in these markets.

What is the role of mass media in liberal democracies Do you think the Essay

What is the role of mass media in liberal democracies Do you think the media fulfil these functions (Base your answer on liberal theory and the semipolitical econ - Essay ExampleBut, evidence from electronic and print media today reveals that the media houses have largely failed to live up to their defined roles. This analyse will expound on this thesis by way of citing relevant examples from scholarly sources.One of the talking points amongst the intelligentsia is the dangers posed by lack of alteration and representation in the mainstream medias coverage. The phenomena of media concentration, which has seen greater consolidation in the last decade, gives rise to production of news content that serves the interests of select media elect. This concentration of power in the hands of large media conglomerates makes it easy for them to set the political agenda on the national scale as exemplified by Rupert Murdochs near monopoly ownership of media post in Britain. It is no surprise then that the issues that they cover are infested with their personal biases, prejudices and interests. The general public, made helpless by this system, are presented a narrow political agenda that holds no real significance for them (Eldridge, Kitzinger & Williams, 1997, p. 27). In other words, while the media has the power to elicit a policy response from the government, the outcomes tend to benefit the media elite and ruling classes rather than people. Only a few news stories get picked for publication/broadcast among numerous other pieces competing for the same space/time. The journalists in surge of deciding the news content are subject to personal biases, external coercions (both implicit and explicit) and other constraints that influence their decision making. For these reasons, there are only a minority of journalists who adhere to standards of objectivity and professional integrity, while the rest succumb to various pressures consciously or otherwise. This decline in jou rnalistic ethos is seen across geo-political entities and cultures,

Explain a company's cost of capital and how it is calculated Essay

Explain a companys cost of capital and how it is calculated - Essay ExampleThis means that since the investor provided the capital, there is a rate of return that would be demanded by them to compensate them for the time value of their money and the risk that they have to incur in investing. For this risk, cost of capital is sometimes called as hurdle rate. And for a wander to be considered approved, it must earn more than its hurdle rate. The cost of capital determines how a company can raise money through issuing bonds, borrowing or both (Invetopedia.com, 2011). Determining the cost of capital is important in capital budgeting, determination of a companys Economic Value Added (EVA), deciding when to lease or purchase of assets and regulation of electric, gas and telephone companies. The cost of capital is specific to each particular type of capital that the company uses (Moneyterms.co.uk, 2011). It could be the cost of equity or the cost of debt or the combination of both. The co st of equity is the rate of return on equity required by a company implicitly estimated using valuation ratios. The differences in the cost of equity is an important component of differences in the ratings at which different companies and sectors trade. The cost of capital of a security is for the valution of the securities.

Global Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Global Economics - Essay ExampleSuch was the case that by the cobblers last of 2002, a trend of account deficit has been established with statistics citing that foreign direct investment leads the US investment abroad by $2,387 billion. (Bureau of Economic Analysis) The lead has the custom of roughly doubling year after year. Attracted by the prospect of higher yields, foreigners channel their savings into the United States and fill the growing wedge between domesticated investment and savings. In the process, aggregate demand also expands, causing the current account deficit to widen. (Humpage 2004)We cite a specific example During 1990s, three re latish factors are primarily responsible for most of the decline in the current-account balance since 1991. One was the relatively rapid growth of income in the United States compared with that in another(prenominal) major industrialized countries over most of the period. Another important factor was a surge in foreign demand for dolla r assets in the late 1990s, which contributed to a higher dollar exchange rate and lower U.S. interest rates. Finally, a drop in the national saving rate owing to a rising federal deficit has helped push the current-account balance lower since 2001. (CBO, 2004)The current account deficit poses a problem in several ways. One of the biggest consequences here is the idea that foreign investors and savers have established a significant financial claim on the United States and its domestic resources. (Allen, p. 145) In equal gravity, the United States has slipped abruptly and dramatically from being the worlds largest creditor country to being the worlds largest debtor. (Bryant and Holtham, p. 57) On a more specific note, Bryant and Holtham illustrated that with regards to merchandise trade deficit, in that respect is a threat of recession when there is an excess of imports over exports as it significantly drags down the economy.By the end of 2006 it is projected that

Ip5 hhrr Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Ip5 hhrr - Research Paper ExampleIt requires various steps to be followed hence committing the individuals to comply with the philosophy and spirit of the act, not because equity of employment is necessary by the law but because job equity is necessary.2.The Canadian Human Rights Act- the act provides the right to equal job opportunities irrespective of ethnic or field of study region, race, marital status, religion, gender or dependence on drugs and alcohol (Appleby, 2007). Therefore, the act protects the employee from taking any form of discrimination especially when seeking promotion or placement.Equal salary Employees should be given equal pay for jobs of equal value. The employer should not pay the male employee higher than the female employee for doing a job of same value (Appleby, 2007).The act permits an employer to get involved in practices that treat others differently, but can nonetheless be sufficiently vindicated i.e. the act is not bring about prohibition against di scrimination. Instead, a person may get involved in inequitable practices if they can exhibit relevant reasons or cause of doing it (Steven,

The Impact of Technology on the Retail Marketing Essay

The Impact of Technology on the Retail Marketing - Essay ExampleKnowing these trends will allow retailers to carry necessary changes including technology development and incorporation in their business, increasing communication with customers for loyalty card development and other measures, and allow them to be proactive preferably than reactivity (Javadi et al., 2012, 89).The trend that has had a major effect on the retail industry is technological development (Verhoef et al., 2009, 30). The implications for retail strategy ar the needs to join on the technology in the retail environment include the incorporation of technology in the retail environment to suit the needs of the consumers and ensure sales atomic number 18 made within a short duration (Vel, 2010, 210).Technology development has increased interaction in-store environments through the realization by retailers that to maintain clients they had to ensure a lively, engaging, and interactive. Interaction in stores has b een augmented using smartphones and tablets that aid in product demonstrations, payment, encouraging sharing in social media, and provision of extra information (Ellis-Chadwick, 2007, p.7). Payments are processed in any part of the store in major retail outlets using phones, smartphones, and tablets allowing for shortening of lines and augmenting client satisfaction. Interaction in stores has also been employ using a large interactive display that engages the consumer, with the feedback being that the experience to the consumer is engaging, interactive and powerful. Interaction has also been augmented through allowing consumers to browse using the busy devices in the stores to get further information and increase their involvement (Swinyard, 1997, 248).

Managment Class and Self-Awareness for Team Membership Case Study

Managment Class and Self-Awareness for Team Membership - Case Study ExampleOn the another(prenominal) Mia is willing to analyze others work and only bring out the change by taking corrective measures if necessary.2. Carver is more than inclined towards lower wanted to control (wC) and high expressed control score in FIRO-B analysis. Also, he likes to take control and finds delegation difficult with universe very competitive as well. He is a loner who likes to rebel against the controls imposed on him whereas Mia has high expressed and wanted control which makes her like structures and procedures bit recognizing authorities of others.Craver further has a higher internal venue of control and perceives the high activity as a precursor to success (Mindtools, 2013b). A childly example can be his argument with his boss in which he believes that he single-handedly increased companys sales and only uniform approach can produce results. He is highly achievement-oriented along with bein g arrogant and a strong want to control everything. Mia has a moderate locus of control which makes her a believer in personal skills and influence of external environment. She believed that corrective measures needed to be taken in Chinese franchise should acknowledge standardization as well localization and in order to convince her Chinese manager, she traveled to China herself instead of maintaining a virtual communication.When analyzed just about tolerance of ambiguity, Carver shows complexity out of other dimensions (Tyran, n.d). He undertook several projects that required fast and quality results and presented better product like than his competitors. Mia, on the other hand, shows novelty on the scale of tolerance of ambiguity. She lacked international exposure however while meeting her manager in China, she had a certain comfort level with the situation in hand. After comparing Carver and Mias personalitieson the scale of MBTI testing, it is evident that Carver is a Masterm ind (INTJ) who is introverted, logical and highly careful towards details whereas Mia is a Supervisor (ESTJ) which makes her a strong believer in rules along with having preference for tried methods (Myers et al., 1998).

Evaluating Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating Ethics - Essay ExampleHowever, there is no written statute of morality of the caller.1 However, company works on the basis of stewardship in which it defines its relationship with the external world and its member community especially. This stewardship includes some priority areas set by the company which outlines its responsibilities towards the community and external world. These priorities include the active saving of nature, responsible use of the outdoor activities, adapting responsible business practices to enhance and improve the external world, foster opportunities to ontogenesis participation in human-powered outdoor recreation, with a focus on youth2. It is because of this reason that REI has been developing eco-sensitive products.Everyone at REI is charged with nurturing the spirit of openness, honesty and integrity that is so oft a part of the fabric of the REI culture. Doing the right thing is a way of life here. REI has taken a firm stance on business moral philosophy and social compliance. We hold ourselves and our vendors, both domestic and international, to high standards and take seriously our commitment to act as a concerned corporate citizen. Our strict sourcing code ensures that goods carrying the REI label are manufactured with due regard for workers and the environment. (REI)The above quote strictly outlines various ethics of the company. It not mentions about REIs values notwithstanding also clearly mentions about the commitment of its employees. In terms of training, REI strive to deliver it on two counts. One to its employees and second to its customers so that its policy of the conservation of nature can be achieved through development of eco-friendly products. Further, in terms of monitoring, REI works as a Co-op where its members are regular visitors besides since employees of the institution itself have the desire and passion about the outdoor activities therefore monitoring at the company take place on multiple counts. First

Research Methodological Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Research Methodological Approaches - Essay ExampleThe nature of explore being done dictates the type and kind of systemology which is to be employed. This is in terms of the information collection and analysis. For example, in collecting qualitative data, the researcher will probably be measuring variables and using them to verify existing theories and call into question hypotheses. In some instances, data is used in coming up with a new set of hypothesis based on the results of a granted study. Since every research may be unique in its own way, it is common to find different methodologies being used. Segon & Booth points out that the collection of data or statistics is not the answer to apprehensiveness an underlying meaning in a study. It is the type of data obtained and how it is analyzed that will help in understanding meanings, experiences, theories, and beliefs. Data collection is always done in accordance with specific research vehicles guided by the underlying questions for that given study. This treatise looks into the various research methods which are used in pedantic journals. This is done by reviewing, evaluating and analyzing the methodological approaches which are used in thirty-five different studies. According to of Benedict & Gupta, different academic scholars use diverse methodological approaches to carrying out their studies. The various methodologies can generally be grouped into three major groups. These are qualitative, quantitative and quantitative research methods. Tsikata defines qualitative research as a method of inquiry which is used in academic studies with the aim of gathering the in-depth understanding of a given bearing. The method is important in helping understand the reasons behind such behavior and trends. The qualitative research investigates not only why and how a given behavior is, but also where and when it takes place. Getnet remarks that, in most instances, focused samples are used. In other studies like Tsika ta, a larger sample can also be used depending on the trend being studied, and the research questions being investigated. Significant quantities of literature suggest that qualitative methodologies produce information on specific cases. On the basis of the particular subject being studied, general conclusions can be drawn. Such conclusions are referred to as informed assertions.

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo - Essay ExampleThesis statement The close examination of the novel Pedro Paramo proves that the writers diction is interconnected with his bewilder to portray the difference between away and present, symbolism is cogitate to the symbols the likes of rain and fertility, usage of imagery is relate to air, water and stone, and figurative language is related to the development of magical realism as a specific genre in world literature. Plot summary The novels plot is related to the lives of the bank clerk (Juan Preciado), his father Pedro Paramo, and his (the narrators fathers) lover, Susana San Juan. One can see that Comala, the imaginary town, is the background of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, the narrator decides to conduct an expeditiousness to Comala to find out his father. But he did not try to stick on to his decision. Later, he was forced to start his journey to the town of Comala. Within this context, the narrator portrays the present situation in Comala. Now, the situation is different because most of the people who live in this town are spirits/ghosts. In the work by Rulfo, Sacabo, and Peden, the narrator made clear that Nothing but abandoned houses, their empty doorways overgrown with weeds (19). ... In the end, the people of Comala were forced to die by starvation. test This section includes topics like diction, which portrays the difference between past and present, symbolism or the usage of symbols in the novel like rain and fertility, the usage of imagery like air, water and stone, and the usage of figurative language which represents the development of the genre of magical realism. A. Diction One can easily identify that the novelists ultimate cultivate in the novel is to make use of the story telling technique (first person and third person narrative technique) to portray the difference between past and present. For instance, the opening of the novel deals with the present condition in Comala, which i s described by the narrator. On the other side, after the narrators untimely death, the narration all at once shifts from first person to third person. In this way, Juan Preciado becomes unimportant in the following sections of the novel. From a different angle of view, both the son and the father are no more and narration is handed over to the novelist. At the same time, this technique does not hinder the development of the plot because the same revolves around Pedro Paramos adventures. In this way, the novelist fulfils his aim to portray the difference between past and present. B. Symbolism The symbols like rain and fertility are interconnected because rain is symbolic of life/fertility. In the novel, the element of rain is made use by the novelist to portray the problems faced by the people of Comala. To be specific, the present condition in Comala is related to the insufficiency of rain and the negative attitude of the leader (Pedro Paramo). Here, the leader is symbolic of rai n which provides all to the living world. On the other

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Food EssayGenetically modified (GM) nutriments be ethically unacceptable. GM pabulums are viands product derived in whole or part from a genetically modified organism by human intention. It is a special set of technologies that concerns the alteration, deletion, or addition of the genetic makeup of living organisms such as animals, plants, or bacteria.This is an important issue because GM intellectual nourishments befool been dubbed as the Food of the Future and although studies have shown that genetically modified foods may bring about many benefits to mankind, we must also look into the ethical issues involved in producing such food in advance we even consider accepting it as the way of the future. First, we must understand that the word ethical is delimitd as having to do with ethics or holiness or of conforming to moral standards.There will be 3 parts to this essay. Firstly, I will be presenting and defending 2 controversys that support my stan d. sideline that, Ill take into consideration some common objections against my thesis. Lastly, I will summarize the main points in this essay before drawing to a conclusion. The essays argument takes the form of Modus Ponens If GM is X, GM is unethicalGM is X GM is unethicalMy main argument is that it is unethical to tamper with nature by assortment genes among the different species. By doing so, it may actually lead to a violation of natural organisms intrinsic values. There is a very easy balance that golf links this world together and this is the balance that makes things work. GM foods might actually give rise to more complications such as the disturbance of natures food pyramid.For example, the pesticide produced in the sever may unintentionally harm other creatures while producing a benefit to others. The introduction of pest-resistant genes into crops could lead to the death of the pests and other animals causing an imbalance in the food chain that could possibly lead to the extinction of some species especially if they are only localized in one particular area.In Britain, a native-born farm bird, the Skylark, was indirectly affected by the introduction of GM sugar beets that were designed to resist herbicides. The result in planting this crop was that weeds were bring down substantially. However, since the birds rely on the seeds of this weed in autumn and winter, researchers expect that up to 80% of the Skylark population would have to find other supposes of conclusion food. Another issue brought up is that GM crops may also pose a health risk to native animals that eat the plants and may be poisoned by the built-in pesticides.Although others might also argue that the cutting down of trees to construct buildings might also be a way of tampering with nature, GM food not just tampers with physical nature but with the foundation of nature genes. Every organism, no matter how small, is made up of genes. These genes control the physical cultiva tion and behavior of the organism and are passed down from parent to offspring. The word genes (comes from the Greek word genos meaning root system) actually defines natures origin and the production of GM food would mean to change the origin of nature.Furthermore, religious communities Christians, Hindus, Jews and Muslims also share such concerns regarding GM products. According to Bishop Jeff Davies from the SA Council of Churches, With genetic engineering, we are tampering with the structures of life that have taken millions of days to evolve and we have the arrogance to think that we can improve on them in 10 years to transfer a gene from one species into another. opposite religious communities have different gestates and one of them would be their food such as kosher and halal food.But with the introduction of animal genes into plants how will they define a tomato with a fish gene? This will also be a major concern to vegetarians. All in all, I believe that people should be happy with what nature has to give and not play God and try to control nature. It is unethical to sacrifice other creatures and meddle with the delicate balance of nature. Furthermore, there will be authorization chain reactions that may be unstoppable.One other argument is how GM products can affect our health especially in the long run. The unpredictable changes in our food could lead to negative reactions that are not detected by research techniques until much later. A quick acceptance of GE foods without proper testing could show corporate profitability to be very influential but that would be too severe because there has been no adequate safety testing to ensure that using other organisms genes is going to have the same useful effects if inserted into a alone unrelated species.Furthermore, testing has only been do on a small scale currently and its hard to predict what will happen when its used on a wider ecology. In 1989, dozens of Americans died and several thousands w ere afflicted and impaired by a genetically altered version of the food supplement L-tryptophan. Studies have been done to show how viruses can mix with genes of other viruses to give rise to more deadly viruses. To mass market the use of GM food when it has not been in good order tested for safety issues would mean that businesses are gaining at the expense of consumers health and is therefore ethically unacceptable.On the other hand, some organizations insist that GM engineering is the solution to solving the problem of world ache. However, I feel that it is entirely a ploy of corporations and countries that are using the plight of the developing world as a marketing strategy to gain acceptance of GE foods. GM technology is not an economical method that can be easily utilize by most countries. In fact, genetic engineering techniques are currently being applied to crops important to the industrialized world and not on crops which the worlds starved depend on.GM foods could actu ally reduce developed countries reliance on crops from developing countries, resulting in loss of trade and severe economic damage for them and intensify their problem of poverty. This would mean that theres a conflict of interest. Furthermore, an important factor that Friends of the Earth has pointed out is that many people in the world are suffering from malnutrition and thirst because they cannot afford to buy food, not because it is unavailable. Therefore, even with GM food, people would still not be able to afford it or have it distributed appropriately.Most of the causes of hunger are found in global politics, or else than issues of agriculture and technology. As a result, a variety of groups and people are questioning the motives behind GM foods as the political causes of hunger appear to be ignored.An article from Food First observed that most innovations in agricultural biotechnology have been profit-driven rather than need-driven and it questions whether GE technology c an really ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world or is it produced simply because its patentable and thus, profitable to businesses. In some cases, as reported by The Institute for Science, pesticide usage is actually increasing, and GE crop actually yield less than pompous crops.In this essay, I have come up with several valid reasons why Genetically Modified Foods are ethically unacceptable. GM foods tamper with the origin of nature which is the genes and there is inadequate safety testing to prove that GM food is safe for human consumption.Therefore, businesses are mass marketing GM food at the expense of consumers health and proclaiming that GM Food is the solution to world hunger when it might not be true. Although there might be potential and benefits in GE technology, there are still many unknown areas that might prove to be more harmful then beneficial. Furthermore, there are still too many important ethical issues that have been ignored and that reason by itself makes it ethically unacceptable.

Scientific Method activity Essay Example for Free

Scientific Method activity EssayComplete the Scientific Method activity on the student website. Write a 350 word paper on the scientific method. Include the following Describe how you applied the steps of the scientific method in the activity. Describe a real-life problem where you remove or could have used the scientific method. Include the steps involved in solving the problem.I complete some(prenominal) the tomato growing and the gondola simple machine starting exercises. I first identified the problem. The tomato plants were not producing as many tomatoes as they had in the past, the car would not start. I then questioned why the plants were not producing and why the car would not start. I looked at my options for the tomato plants. First I thought that the plants indispensable more than water. I tried this theory and was wrong. I went back to my options on how to solve the problem. Next I thought maybe the soil needed more nutrients. Once again I was wrong. Last, I tr ied the hypothesis of the plants needing more sun, and placed the tomato plants in a green house. This experiment worked and the plants began producing more tomatoes. With the car I had options of car battery or fluids. I tried the car battery thinking that the cables may be loose. I was wrong. I fatigue changing the spark plugs and fuses.I was wrong. I went back to the car battery and tried a charge. Once again I was wrong. With my only option now cosmos the fluid I tried adding gasoline to the car and the car started. Through both experiments I observed the problem, questioned it, came up with one hypothesis, made a prediction, tired an experiment, came up with results and when I found my hypothesis was incorrect I came up with another and proceeded through the steps until my experiment was successful. Each time we do an experiment we get results. When our results arent working to our benefit we have to rethink. A new hypothesis must be made with the prediction of correct resul ts. In both cases with the tomatoes and the car we learn from trial and error.A real life situation where I could have used the scientific method is for example my stomach hurts. I have observed the situation. Why does my stomach hurt? Hypothesis I have not been getting all of my daily nutrients. Prediction- My stomach hurts because I have not been eating right. Experiment- I try eating daily recommended servings of grains,protein, veggies, fruits and milk products. Result- My stomach no longer hurts. I deal with this regularly because I do not eat right. I toy with eating different things, adding or taking away from my daily diet. I use the scientific method on a daily basis.

Explain the new Features of the New Deal Essay Example for Free

Explain the new Features of the New Deal EssayIn October 1929 the Wall Street stock market crashed in New York and panic selling of shares caused a wave of bankruptcies, destroying all confidence in businesses and investors. The great Depression led to 13 million people being unemployed. President Hoover, the political science did postal enter at all to help the Americans, he didnt even think of helping them rebuild the American economy. In 1932 president Roosevelt came into power in the presidential elections. He had many concerns and considerations for the Americans and the economy. The origin stage of the act of the New Deal to put the US back to hunt down and create jobs in 1933 he introduced the first Acts during the hundred days, which involved the creation of Alphabet Agencies to deal with the economic problems. By 1935, the Supreme Court thought some of the New Deal laws as meddlesome too much. , so then Roosevelts response was to introduce the second stage of reform - The second New Deal.The 3 begins of the New Deal were Relief Recovery and Reform. Which were introduced by Roosevelt- the three Rs. Relief was measures to help relieve the suffering of the unemployed. Recovery was to try to rebuild the depression-shattered economy and Reform was aimed to give workers better on the job(p) conditions and fairer wages.The aim of the relief was achieved by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal Emergency Relief authorities (FERA) public works Administration (PWA) Home owners Loans club (HOLC) and the works Progress Administration (WPA). The Civilian Conservation Act was set up to provide work for unemployed men under 25 historic period by encouraging them to work on projects in the countryside such as fish farming, planting trees and strengthening river banks. They also organised the army. The PWA stood for Public Works Administration, their aim was to use Unemployed crude workers to work on a large scale of public construction such as ro ads and bridges. The main affair of the act was to set up public construction for the large scale building work, to build schools, hospitals and city halls.The FERA was set up to stop the threat of famishment that existed by making grants to local and state governments to help them give relief to the unemployed. Roosevelt thought that the right way to help the unemployed was to put them back to work after the threat of starvation was over instead of just giving them money.The HOLC stood for Home Owners Loans Corporation, the aim of this act was to ensure that people could continue to repay their mortgages. The government gave low interest rates to home owners to allow them to continue paying their mortgages until they were unemployed. The WPA stood for Works Progress Administration. Their aim was to find hand brake short-term employment for unskilled workers in construction projects.The Acts that were part of the New Deal and helped with Recovery were The Emergency Banking Act th e Securities Act the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The Emergency Banking Act aimed to solve the financial crisis after the Wall Street Crash by forcing all banks to remain close for 4 days. This actually worked and saved all the banks. The Securities Act was about providing full information about the companies issuing new shares, to the public. This established with a Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934 which was giving powers to control the activities of the stock market. It was the AAAs duty to solve agricultures most serious problem which was over-production.Prices were low and farmers were unable to authorize a decent living. Roosevelt paid farmers to stop producing. The AAA gave the government power to destroy surplus food and give farmers compensation. The NRA stood for National Recovery Administration they essay to create partnership between government and Industry to get rid of Child Labour, Long hours and Low pay. Each industry would agree an employment code with a government. The code was to guarantee workers fairer working conditions and wages. The TVA stood for Tennessee Valley Authority. The main parts of the act was to help encourage industry come to the hard hit vale and to build damn to use hydroelectric power of the river.Finally, there were parts of the New Deal that helped to reform the USA. They were Collecting Bargaining the Wagner Act and the social securities Act. joint bargaining was where workers had the right to collective bargaining of wages. This gave an enormous boost to the trade unions.The Wagner act (1935) was the given right for workers to join the trade union which restored protection for the workers also. The companionable Securities Act was introduced in 1935. This provided old age pensions, unemployment benefits and financial support for the handicapped. It was funded by contributions paid by workers, employers and the government.In Conclusion, when Roosevelt came into power he aimed to achieve relief, recovery and reform. The CCC, FERA, WPA and the HOLC. The emergency banking act, the Securities Act, NRA, AAA and the WPA achieved recovery. Collective Bargaining, Wagner Act and the Social Securities Act achieved reform. These Acts were all produced to help America by these 3 aims.

Child Learning Styles and Factors that Influence Them

Child Learning Styles and Factors that Influence ThemIn a nursery setting there argon different types of identifying stylesNow I will discuss the learning stylesReference 1Visual learning is a genuinely secure learning style and overhauls key actors understand every chelas learning method. This learning style is for children who get distracted by sound and lecture easily, children often find it difficult to concentrate when there is a crowd rough them. These types of children enjoy art and drawing and learn more from diagrams, they love to learn from a picture which intrusts children knowledge of the world.When I discuss more on Auditory learning style, I learn that this is more ab bring out thinking and earreach. Children surface-to-air missilee to learn from listening to nursery rhyme tapes and tapes which helps them to think just as sounds. I found out children who are in the auditory category this helps children be more clever.Children like to listen to provide members reading to them and they like to choose interesting and long books so they flock listen and look and think near of the mean solar day in the nursery environment.Fin all(prenominal)y when I discuss kinaesthetic learning style I find that this is more about children who swell dealnot keep up to now at all, key rickers have to keep them still during activities. These types of children are very active and enjoys sportive all the time and neer listens to anything else. They love activities where no unmatchable bothers them, such as childs playing physical for example running slow but not so fast.These learning styles are based on the primal years foundation curriculum stage one of which is knowledge of the world, other one which is numeracy, literacy and so on.Visual learning activities peck beearshot to a story book but the child concentrating on other staff members cleaning after childrens playtime.One child distract from listening to nursery rhymes, as the key worker was communication with a bring up outside.Auditory learning activitiesA child can be distracted by another child shouting while playing a guessing game of thinking what instrument sound it could be.Child cannot think of what to play with beca spend of so frequently shoutingKinaesthetic activitiesCannot keep still during an outdoor play activity, such as practising how to stand straight in a line.As a key worker we ensure children can concentrate when they join an activity, we help children by reminding children to play, we ask children questions on what children are playing. If there is a crowd around children we ensure we settle children down and stop children from crowding around children who are sitting down and playing. We likewise ensure we give children confidence to speak up when they cannot concentrate.We also give children time to think when we ask children questions. This is why we tell all children to listen. We support childrens listening and thinking by providing childr en with activities such as games so that they learn how to think and we read story books so they learn how to listen. We ask children to have silent time to think and listen to nursery rhymes quietly.If children never listen we keep a naughty chair for them to sit on. We help children who are very playful. We make sure we give these types of children different types of activities, we also help them by telling them please behave. We give behaving activities and songs to help children behave. If children behave we give them a fountainhead done star when they listen.Analyse the effect that detrimental issues can have on learningReference 2 study guideThe meat of detrimental issue is if a child is having difficulties in every day learning such as numeracy the child might necessitate nonrecreational support a personal key worker to teach numbers. 1-10.Detrimental issues can be things like a child having mental health problemThe child will need a special caring key worker who is always with this child, the child will need to be observed to help the child with his development, the child will also need activities based on surface-to-air missiles age, surface-to-air missile will need to carry out same activities until he has mastered these activities to help sam reach to school and his higher studies. If we do not help sam, sam will loose his confidence and will become like no one cares.surface-to-air missile might need professional help because he can be clever but sufferining from illness such as he might not be hearing well and this can make him weak. The key workers ensure all children are aware of surface-to-air missiles illness and give children knowledge on his illness so that Sam himself feels confident and so does children who play with Sam. Sam can sometimes loose his confidence, Sam can drop away his self esteem, Sam can come across tiredness, and Sam can lose his high quality work to poor quality work as Sam looses confidence. Sam might also worry about what children can think of him this can also make him weak in his learning. To help sam we talk louder, use sign language and write words and sentence down to help sam understand.Sam can also have disability, sam still would need a key worker to support him, if it is extreme so sam will need his parent to stay with him and his key worker to ensure sam is in safe hands. Until sam is not confident he can not be left alone.Diabetics if sam was to have this issue then his parent will have to tell every information to the person in charge and his key worker will need to be fully apt in how to care for sams health.If sam is on any medication the key worker needs to know asap such as if he has aathma, then the key worker will need to know when sam needs to take his medication.We as a nursery help Sam to be very confident when Sam starts primary school. We give him as much support we can to build his confidence we also help Sam know he will have this support during his school life. As a nursery we are very professional as we can be when it comes to a child being ill in their health. We ensure we train all our key workers and support all other staff member to help the key workers.These issues can lead a child to lose of confidence, less of self esteem, tiredness and poverty if they are not properly cared for.Evaluate the positive effect that differentiation has in the nursery settingDifferentiation Differences of childrenDifferentiation comes under different categoriesReference 3Place learning intentionBehaviour and vocabulary modellingAdaption of equipmentPeer teachingDifferentiated equipment depending on needsOutcomeWhen I read all my information my finding of this question is that a child liking one thing and another child liking another thing, or one child doing one thing and another child do the other thing.I have also been to a few nurseries to learn so that I can carry out my research on this question. I learnt that a girl called Esha enjoyed talking so muc h and a boy called Siyan hated talking he loved to be quiet. I asked Esha so many questions and she answered to every the question however Siyan was still sitting their quietly. I found out that Siyan require more support in communication so I organised more activities based on communication, I noted down to manoeuvre on to my manager that he improved on talking to me more as the days went by. It is important that we help children reach their destructions because talking gives children confidence and socialize with other children and play with other children. We organised alphabet activities and number activities and also brought interesting books from the libraries, to help children be around me and talk to me as a immature member of staff. We have talking out loud activities such as saying out words loud for children to speak more. Children that speak so much we provide them with silent times to help them speak less and help them to control their talking.I also so that childre n were left handed and some were exploitation normal right handed so I supported these children by giving them the correct scissors and helped children to cut and give children the confidence and more paper. As children got good with cutting I provided children with difficult cutting such as dot to dot picture cuttings. This is most important as children can lose their confidence and their emotions can change. If the correct resources is not provided then children will not be able to improve and will be left with no playful activities. Children develop from their age and what they are able to do. If they feel they can go up a level they go up a level if they cannot they do not go up a level. It is important to put children straight up as some children might feel lonely as they are left handed and they canvass other children as normal.I find that Children can also be working at different goals in their work books this can be based on how fast children are at their learning and also shows who needs support and who does not need support. Some children whitethorn pick things up straight away in a group activity of vocabulary and assessing of behaviour, some children may be left behind in speaking out loud when they have to answer to questions some might shout the answers out some might be polite and wait.When working in a nursery i also found that children needed one to one support during I.T as some children pressed any key on the computer. We give one to one tutoring on computer for left handed childrenI also went to the activity cupboard to pick out easy play activities for children who need development as they are still weak and pick out difficult activities for the clever children.The result I found was that some children needed improvement some needed to be pushed up to the higher level. I had written a report of all children and passed on to the Management to help the children with their development. discourse the positive effect that planning can have on learning and the ways in which formative and summative contribute to thisPlanning can be brilliant for a childs learning and would help a child learn better and help children with their development.PositiveChildren will gain good marksChildren will concentrate moreIf we add more pre-school images children will learn more from looking at picturesHelps children to reach their goalsHelps children to make improvementsHelps children understand their weaknessesHelps children with boost to learn moreTo keep the childs learning up to dateReference 4To give children confidence we useFormative judgementSummative assessmentNow I will discuss the two assessmentsAs a nursery we use formative assessmentThis helps the nursery to see how children are improving on their development in childcare. A child can be playing with Lego and other toys that are laid out. We use non-white paper to observe children.We write down how children play, we write down everything children play with, we write down wh at children talk about as they play, we write observations according to the curriculum.We also take pictures on what the child has played with for the day and everything they have done. We write down as much as we can to help children improve on the development in a nursery. We even organise a video to take of every child so that we can see how to develop children to a higher level.Observing could be gathering in your mind what you see from a child as their key worker then discussing this at the collision how to improve the childs development.Summative assessment we gather all the higher up information from formative assessment and write up reports to discuss with parents. The above information will help the nursery stand out from others. It will keep the nursery organised, well presented, will bring clever children, will give smart and clean children and help the nursery be more lively.To do all the above we plan, we do this by organising every day morning meetings. rung are fu lly trained to carry out these jobs.As a nursery we ensure our planning is well organised to help children reach their goal at the correct time and correct level for children.ReferencesReference 1 http//learningguide.org/learningstyles.htm I used the meaning and also wrote in my own words.Reference 2 study pack page 72 and 73Reference 3 I used the hand book page 76 78 for meaning of what they are then wrote into my own words.Reference 4 I used the hand book page79-80 to find the meaning and wrote into my own words.

Class on Genres in Literature

Class on Genres in LiteratureCAMBRIDGE LESSON 6Focus of the lesson Writing in disparate genres and registersWrite in different voices and viewpointsImprove style and accuracyThis session will help you develop essential compose skills for the written member of your paper where you are involveed to save creativelyGENRETo be clear just about the type of writing you are aiming for, you need to identify and date four key areas genre, audience, consumption and style. Make these part of your planning when you start to write a non- prevarication text.Genre, audience, purpose and style or GAPSWith each piece of writing you will be tested on your understanding of genre, audience, purpose and style, so you need to be clear about the kind of writing you are aiming for who barely are you writing for and what you are trying to tell them?For example, your text energy be trying tochange someones opinionencourage someone to do something in particular make headway sure your audience kno ws and understands somethingThe examiner wants to see that you commode adapt the flair you write to meet different genres, audiences and purposes.Identifying GAPSWhen it comes to the writing tasks in the exam, your premier(prenominal) step is to clearly identifythe genre what type of text should you be writing, eg a magazine articlethe audience who will be reading your text, eg teenagersthe purpose of your text, e.g. to convince people to do more sportyour chosen writing style, e.g. informalMake notes on these four areas and apply them to help plan your writing. army that you understand how each of these will persuade the examiner to give you tag.EXAMPLESCommon genres simileClassic apologue that has become part of an accepted literary canon, astray taught in schoolsCrime/detective fiction about a crime, how the criminal gets caught, and the repercussions of the crimeFable narration demonstrating a useful truth, especially in which animals let the cat out of the bag as humankinds legendary, supernatural taleFairy tale floor about fairies or other magical creaturesFan fiction fiction written by a fan of, and featuring casefuls from, a particular TV seriesxs, movie, or bookFantasy fiction with strange or otherworldly specifytings or characters fiction which invites suspension of reality illustration in verse full-length novels with plot, subplot(s), theme(s), major(ip) and minor characters, in which the narrative is presented in verse form (usually free verse)Fiction narrative literary works whose content is produced by the imagination and is not necessarily based on factFolklore the songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a people or federation of tribes as handed down by tidings of mouthHistorical fiction story with fictional characters and exits in a historical setting curse fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread and sometimes fear in both the characters and the readerHumour Usually a fiction full of fun, fancy, and excite ment, meant to entertain and sometimes cause intended laughter but can be contained in all genresLegend story, sometimes of a matter or folk hero, that has a basis in fact but also includes imaginative materialMagical realism story where magical or unreal elements play a natural part in an otherwise rea countic environmentMeta fiction also known as romantic badinage in the context of Romantic works of literature, uses self-reference to draw attention to itself as a work of art, while exposing the truth of a storyMystery this is fiction dealing with the solution of a crime or the unravelling of secretsMythology legend or traditional narrative, often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behaviour and natural phenomena by its symbolism often pertaining to the actions of the godsMythopoeia fiction in which characters from religious mythology, traditional myths, folklore and history are recast into a re-imagined realm created by the authorPicture book picture s torybook is a book with really microscopic words and a lot of pictures, picture stories are usually for little kidsRealistic fiction story that is true to lifeScience fiction story based on impact of actual, imagined, or potential science, usually set in the future or on other planetsShort story fiction of such brevity that it supports no subplotsSuspense/thriller fiction about defile about to befall a person or group and the attempts made to evade the harmTall tale humorous story with blatant exaggerations, authoritarian heroes who do the impossible with nonchalanceWestern set in the American Old West frontier and typically set in the late eighteenth to late nineteenth centuryCommon genres nonfictionBiography/autobiography narrative of a persons life a true story about a real personEssay a short literary composition that reflects the authors outlook or point.Journalism reporting on news and current events research lab Report a report of an experimentMemoir factual st ory that focuses on a significant relationship between the writer and a person, place, or object reads like a short novelNarrative nonfiction/ personalized narrative factual information about a significant event presented in a format which tells a storyReference book such as a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopaedia, almanac, or atlasSelf-help book information with the designing of instructing readers on solving personal problems.Speech public address or discourseTextbook authoritative and detailed factual description of a topic. practise 1Class discussion on identifying genres. By identifying the genre, the reader is able to identify what type of effect the writer is going for and can help when discussing themes. authorship IN DIFFERENT VOICES AND VIEWPOINTSNarrative writing is the most traditional form of creative writing its say a story. The trick to getting high marks is not to tell a story in the traditional way. Think about interesting ways to tackle the different aspects of the narrative.Who is telling the story?Is it kickoff person? Is someone in the story telling the reader directly? In these kinds of narratives the narrator might be the principal(prenominal) character or it might be someone who is very minor. Imagine the story of Cinderella told from the point of view of the mouse who gets turned into her footman. Hed have a very different view of the story and what would life be like after hes turned back into a mouse.If the narrator is a specific character, that character needs to be reflected in the way the story gets told the comments or asides which they make to the reader might show who they really are. Perhaps the narrator in the example above would keep making comments about cheese. If its someone unexpected then keeping that quiet for a while can lead to an effective ending.Are you an all-knowing narrator? The story is told in the third person, but the narrator might need to tell the audience what the characters are thinking. Or pe rhaps there is a secret in the characters departed which the reader needs to know to understand whats going on.Or, is the narration limited to what a single observer can see? This works well for stories which are shrouded in mystery, or follow a small event in detail. Twist in the tale stories need these kinds of limits.The person who is supposed to be telling the story will determine the voice you write in. If the narrator is someone serious, the modulate will be serious. If the narrator is a bit of a joker, the tone will be more informal. Dont tell the reader about the narrator directly let the way you write do it for you.Plot is what turns a list of events into a story. Its the connection between different events that show cause and effect. Make sure that events in your story happen for a reason, and that they affect the characters. body process 2Exercise pick a word at random. Give yourself two minutes to think of as many different possible stories related to that word as pos sible the more creatively you use the word the better.Lost, for example, might be a story about getting lost in a wood, or losing a game, or a story set in a lost property office. Or maybe someone has lost something which is very important to them but the reader doesnt understand why its so important until the very end of the story. The plot is why its important, how it got lost, and why its needed now.ORDERThe swan in which you tell the story is important. It might seem natural to tell a story from beginning to end but mixing up the chronology or timeline of a story is a good way to make it more interesting. It still needs to make sense, but it doesnt have to be in order. some(prenominal) different possibilities are telling the story in flashback, starting from the most dramatic point and then explaining how bothone got there. Or you might want to start at the end and work your way back to the beginning. Starting in the middle of the action is a good way to capture the interest of the reader.In the exam, make a quick bullet point plan of the plot and then write numbers next to the bullet points to remind yourself what order youre going to write them in.Because creative writing assessments are quite short, its best not to get too complicated with plot or ordering one twist is enough, or one change to the chronology.CharactersIn a short story you dont have time to include a lot of characters- one or two main characters is enough. You can include some other minor characters if you need them to make the plot work, but not too many. Only give names to major characters it will help the reader to work out who matters enough to remember.Make each character distinctive. Think of one characteristic physical or personal which summarises them. In your planning, note down each character and their unique identifying point, with two or three different ways of referring to it. Referring to the same thing in different ways reinforces the character and it adds cohesion to the whole story.When you check through your work make sure that each character talks in the way youd expect them to. If youve got a member of the royal family in your story, they wont talk like you and your friends.Whos talking?Dunno, shurrup. Werent me.Im not entirely sure. Could you perhaps repeat yourself?An unusual setting can be a way to make a narrative really interesting. Changing the setting can make a story out of something every day. There are some events listed below. First think where they normally occur, and then choose somewhere completely different to produce an interesting story idea.ACTIVITY 3EVENTNORMAL SETTINGUNSUSUAL SETTINGFootball gameWeddingLessonsSleepingListening to musicTeaching a class cook outDont forget to use your usual toolkit of effective writing techniques. Vary your sentences for effect long ones to build suspense, and short ones to provide punch lines. Use a build of punctuation.You should make sure that you include some literary devices but only where they have effect. A metaphor or a simile is a majuscule way of creating an image for the reader, but it needs to be appropriate. Pick a simile which emphasises an important characteristic, or an important plot point. If a main character is cross, then perhaps his face looked like a raincloud. Try to avoid using clichs. Dont use metaphors which dont support the effect you are aiming for.Choose the words you use carefully, to create an impact on the reader. Adjectives can tell us a lot about a character, but use too many and they fall away strength. Even when writing prose you can use techniques like onomatopoeia (words that sound like their meaning) or alliteration (repetition of the same sound) to create an effect.Dont forget to check that youve got the basics honest -capitals, full stops and spelling. There is no point in using advanced techniques if you forget the basics you wont get full credit when it comes to existence marked. At least a third of the marks for writing go to accurate sentences, varied for effect.Remember USE GOOD ENGLISH, ALWAYS CHECK FOR ERRORS AND using CORRECT PUNCTUATION